Move vertex format to utils.

Makefile

@@ -1,11 +1,30 @@
-SOURCES = cpp/opengl/render_context_glx.cpp cpp/opengl/render_opengles.cpp cpp/math.cpp
+# Copyright (C) 2022 RozK
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+SOURCES = \
+cpp/display/display_glx.cpp \
+cpp/events/events_x11.cpp \
+cpp/render/render_opengles.cpp \
+cpp/math.cpp
+
 OUTPUTFILE = engine.so
 
-CXXFLAGS = -fpic -Wall -Werror -O2 -flto -fomit-frame-pointer -ffast-math -funroll-loops -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions
+CXXFLAGS = -std=c++17 -Wall -Werror -O2 -msse2 -fpic -flto -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions
 
 .PHONY: all
 all: clean $(OUTPUTFILE)
-	find . -name "*.o" -type f -delete
 
 .PHONY: clean
 clean:

__init__.py

@@ -17,11 +17,51 @@ import ctypes
 from array import array
 from pathlib import Path
 
-_lib = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(Path(__file__).parent / "engine.so")
+_engine = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(Path(__file__).parent / "engine.so")
+
+# types.hpp
+
+_handle = ctypes.c_void_p
+
+def _check_handle(result, func, arguments):
+    assert result
+    return result
+
+def _flag(x):
+    return 1 << x
+
+def buffer(type, size):
+    return (type * size)()
+
+def _void_addr(x):
+    return x.buffer_info()[0]
+
+def _ubyte_addr(x):
+    assert x.typecode == 'B'
+    return x.buffer_info()[0]
+
+def _ushort_addr(x):
+    assert x.typecode == 'H'
+    return x.buffer_info()[0]
+
+def _uint_addr(x):
+    assert x.typecode == 'I'
+    return x.buffer_info()[0]
+
+def _float_addr(x):
+    assert x.typecode == 'f'
+    return x.buffer_info()[0]
+
+# math.hpp
 
 class vec3(ctypes.Structure):
     _fields_ = ('x', ctypes.c_float), ('y', ctypes.c_float), ('z', ctypes.c_float)
 
+    def __iter__(self):
+        yield self.x
+        yield self.y
+        yield self.z
+
     def set(self, x, y, z):
         self.x = x
         self.y = y
@@ -30,6 +70,12 @@ class vec3(ctypes.Structure):
 class vec4(ctypes.Structure):
     _fields_ = ('x', ctypes.c_float), ('y', ctypes.c_float), ('z', ctypes.c_float), ('w', ctypes.c_float)
 
+    def __iter__(self):
+        yield self.x
+        yield self.y
+        yield self.z
+        yield self.w
+
     def set(self, x, y, z, w):
         self.x = x
         self.y = y
@@ -37,22 +83,179 @@ class vec4(ctypes.Structure):
         self.w = w
 
 class mat3(ctypes.Structure):
-    _fields_ = ('x', vec3), ('y', vec3), ('z', vec3)
+    _fields_ = ('right', vec3), ('forward', vec3), ('up', vec3)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        yield self.right
+        yield self.forward
+        yield self.up
+
+    def set(self, right, forward, up):
+        self.right = right
+        self.forward = forward
+        self.up = up
 
 class mat4(ctypes.Structure):
-    _fields_ = ('x', vec4), ('y', vec4), ('z', vec4), ('w', vec4)
+    _fields_ = ('right', vec4), ('forward', vec4), ('up', vec4), ('origin', vec4)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        yield self.right
+        yield self.forward
+        yield self.up
+        yield self.origin
+
+    def set(self, right, forward, up, origin):
+        self.right = right
+        self.forward = forward
+        self.up = up
+        self.origin = origin
+
+    def set_vec3(self, right, forward, up, origin):
+        self.right.set(*right, 0.0)
+        self.forward.set(*forward, 0.0)
+        self.up.set(*up, 0.0)
+        self.origin.set(*origin, 1.0)
+
+assert ctypes.sizeof(vec3) == ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_float) * 3
+assert ctypes.sizeof(vec4) == ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_float) * 4
+assert ctypes.sizeof(mat3) == ctypes.sizeof(vec3) * 3
+assert ctypes.sizeof(mat4) == ctypes.sizeof(vec4) * 4
+
+_vec3_p = ctypes.POINTER(vec3)
+_vec4_p = ctypes.POINTER(vec4)
+_mat3_p = ctypes.POINTER(mat3)
+_mat4_p = ctypes.POINTER(mat4)
 
 vec3_right   = vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
 vec3_forward = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
 vec3_up      = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+vec3_origin  = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
 
-def _flag(x):
-    return 1 << x
+vec4_right   = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+vec4_forward = vec4(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+vec4_up      = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
+vec4_origin  = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+
+mat3_identity = mat3(
+    vec3_right,
+    vec3_forward,
+    vec3_up)
+
+mat4_identity = mat4(
+    vec4_right,
+    vec4_forward,
+    vec4_up,
+    vec4_origin)
+
+vec3_rotate = _engine.rk_vec3_rotate
+vec3_rotate.restype = None
+vec3_rotate.argtypes = (
+    _vec3_p, # ret
+    _vec3_p, # vec3
+    _vec3_p, # axis
+    ctypes.c_float) # angle
+
+vec3_mul_vec3 = _engine.rk_vec3_mul_vec3
+vec3_mul_vec3.restype = None
+vec3_mul_vec3.argtypes = (
+    _vec3_p, # ret
+    _vec3_p, # a
+    _vec3_p) # b
+
+mat3_rotation = _engine.rk_mat3_rotation
+mat3_rotation.restype = None
+mat3_rotation.argtypes = (
+    _mat3_p, # ret
+    _vec3_p, # axis
+    ctypes.c_float) # angle
+
+mat3_mul_vec3 = _engine.rk_mat3_mul_vec3
+mat3_mul_vec3.restype = None
+mat3_mul_vec3.argtypes = (
+    _vec3_p, # ret
+    _mat3_p, # a
+    _vec3_p) # b
+
+mat3_mul_mat3 = _engine.rk_mat3_mul_mat3
+mat3_mul_mat3.restype = None
+mat3_mul_mat3.argtypes = (
+    _mat3_p, # ret
+    _mat3_p, # a
+    _mat3_p) # b
+
+mat4_projection = _engine.rk_mat4_projection
+mat4_projection.restype = None
+mat4_projection.argtypes = (
+    _mat4_p, # ret
+    ctypes.c_float, # hfov
+    ctypes.c_float, # ratio
+    ctypes.c_float, # near
+    ctypes.c_float) # far
+
+mat4_lookat = _engine.rk_mat4_lookat
+mat4_lookat.restype = None
+mat4_lookat.argtypes = (
+    _mat4_p, # ret
+    _vec3_p, # position
+    _vec3_p) # lookat
+
+mat4_orbit = _engine.rk_mat4_orbit
+mat4_orbit.restype = None
+mat4_orbit.argtypes = (
+    _mat4_p, # ret
+    _vec3_p, # origin
+    ctypes.c_float, # yaw
+    ctypes.c_float, # pitch
+    ctypes.c_float) # distance
+
+mat4_mul_vec3 = _engine.rk_mat4_mul_vec3
+mat4_mul_vec3.restype = None
+mat4_mul_vec3.argtypes = (
+    _vec3_p, # ret
+    _mat4_p, # a
+    _vec3_p, # b
+    ctypes.c_float) # w
+
+mat4_mul_vec4 = _engine.rk_mat4_mul_vec4
+mat4_mul_vec4.restype = None
+mat4_mul_vec4.argtypes = (
+    _vec4_p, # ret
+    _mat4_p, # a
+    _vec4_p) # b
+
+mat4_mul_mat4 = _engine.rk_mat4_mul_mat4
+mat4_mul_mat4.restype = None
+mat4_mul_mat4.argtypes = (
+    _mat4_p, # ret
+    _mat4_p, # a
+    _mat4_p) # b
+
+# display.hpp
+
+create_display = _engine.rk_create_display
+create_display.restype = _handle
+create_display.errcheck = _check_handle
+create_display.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_char_p, # name
+    ctypes.c_uint, # width
+    ctypes.c_uint) # height
+
+destroy_display = _engine.rk_destroy_display
+destroy_display.restype = None
+destroy_display.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_void_p,) # display
+
+swap_buffers = _engine.rk_swap_buffers
+swap_buffers.restype = None
+swap_buffers.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_void_p,) # display
+
+# render.hpp
 
 TEXTURE_FORMAT_SRGB8_A8 = 0
 TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGBA8 = 1
 TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGB10_A2 = 2
-TEXTURE_FORMAT_32F = 3
+TEXTURE_FORMAT_FLOAT_32 = 3
 
 TEXTURE_FORMAT_TYPECODE = ('B', 'B', 'I', 'f')
 TEXTURE_FORMAT_NELEMS = (4, 4, 1, 1)
@@ -65,151 +268,75 @@ TEXTURE_FLAG_MAG_NEAREST = 0
 TEXTURE_FLAG_MAG_LINEAR = _flag(3)
 
 VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_FLOAT = 1
-VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10 = 2
-VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_UINT10 = 3
+VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_SHORT = 2
+VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10 = 3
+VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_UINT10 = 4
+VERTEX_FORMAT_MAT3_FLOAT = 5
+VERTEX_FORMAT_MAT3_INT10 = 6
 VERTEX_FORMAT_NORMALIZE = _flag(7)
+_VERTEX_FORMAT_MASK = VERTEX_FORMAT_NORMALIZE - 1
 
 def vertex_format(*format):
     return array('B', format).tobytes()
 
-PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_FLOAT = 1
-PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_SHORT = 2
-PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10 = 3
-PARAM_FORMAT_NORMALIZE = _flag(7)
+_VERTEX_TYPES = (
+    None,
+    vec3, # VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_FLOAT
+    vec3, # VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_SHORT
+    vec3, # VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10
+    vec3, # VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_UINT10
+    mat3, # VERTEX_FORMAT_MAT3_FLOAT
+    mat3) # VERTEX_FORMAT_MAT3_INT10
 
-def params_format(*format):
-    return array('B', format).tobytes()
+def vertex_type(format):
+    return _VERTEX_TYPES[format & _VERTEX_FORMAT_MASK]
 
 INSTANCE_FLAG_SPAWNED = _flag(0)
 INSTANCE_FLAG_VISIBLE = _flag(1)
 
 BATCH_MAX_SIZE = 65536
 
-_vec3p = ctypes.POINTER(vec3)
-_vec4p = ctypes.POINTER(vec4)
-_mat3p = ctypes.POINTER(mat3)
-_mat4p = ctypes.POINTER(mat4)
+render_initialize = _engine.rk_render_initialize
+render_initialize.restype = None
+render_initialize.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_bool,) # debug
 
-def _voidp(x):
-    return x.buffer_info()[0]
+render_terminate = _engine.rk_render_terminate
+render_terminate.restype = None
 
-def _ubytep(x):
-    assert x.typecode == 'B'
-    return x.buffer_info()[0]
-
-def _ushortp(x):
-    assert x.typecode == 'H'
-    return x.buffer_info()[0]
-
-def _floatp(x):
-    assert x.typecode == 'f'
-    return x.buffer_info()[0]
-
-vec3_rotate = _lib.rk_vec3_rotate
-vec3_rotate.argtypes = (
-    _vec3p, # ret
-    _vec3p, # vec3
-    _vec3p, # axis
-    ctypes.c_float) # angle
-
-
-vec3_mul_vec3 = _lib.rk_vec3_mul_vec3
-vec3_mul_vec3.argtypes = (
-    _vec3p, # ret
-    _vec3p, # a
-    _vec3p) # b
-
-mat3_rotation = _lib.rk_mat3_rotation
-mat3_rotation.argtypes = (
-    _mat3p, # ret
-    _vec3p, # axis
-    ctypes.c_float) # angle
-
-mat3_mul_vec3 = _lib.rk_mat3_mul_vec3
-mat3_mul_vec3.argtypes = (
-    _vec3p, # ret
-    _mat3p, # a
-    _vec3p) # b
-
-mat3_mul_mat3 = _lib.rk_mat3_mul_mat3
-mat3_mul_mat3.argtypes = (
-    _mat3p, # ret
-    _mat3p, # a
-    _mat3p) # b
-
-mat4_projection = _lib.rk_mat4_projection
-mat4_projection.argtypes = (
-    _mat4p, # ret
-    ctypes.c_float, # hfov
-    ctypes.c_float, # ratio
-    ctypes.c_float, # near
-    ctypes.c_float) # far
-
-mat4_lookat = _lib.rk_mat4_lookat
-mat4_lookat.argtypes = (
-    _mat4p, # ret
-    _vec3p, # position
-    _vec3p) # lookat
-
-mat4_mul_vec3 = _lib.rk_mat4_mul_vec3
-mat4_mul_vec3.argtypes = (
-    _vec3p, # ret
-    _mat4p, # a
-    _vec3p, # b
-    ctypes.c_float) # w
-
-mat4_mul_vec4 = _lib.rk_mat4_mul_vec4
-mat4_mul_vec4.argtypes = (
-    _vec4p, # ret
-    _mat4p, # a
-    _vec4p) # b
-
-mat4_mul_mat4 = _lib.rk_mat4_mul_mat4
-mat4_mul_mat4.argtypes = (
-    _mat4p, # ret
-    _mat4p, # a
-    _mat4p) # b
-
-initialize = _lib.rk_initialize
-initialize.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
-initialize.argtypes = (
-    ctypes.c_char_p, # name
-    ctypes.c_uint, # width
-    ctypes.c_uint) # height
-
-_load_shader = _lib.rk_load_shader
-_load_shader.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
-_load_shader.argtypes = (
+_create_shader = _engine.rk_create_shader
+_create_shader.restype = _handle
+_create_shader.errcheck = _check_handle
+_create_shader.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_uint, # vert_nlines
-    ctypes.c_void_p, # vert_lines
+    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char_p), # vert_lines
     ctypes.c_uint, # frag_nlines
-    ctypes.c_void_p) # frag_lines
+    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char_p)) # frag_lines
 
-def load_shader(vert_lines, frag_lines):
+def create_shader(vert_lines, frag_lines):
     vert_nlines = len(vert_lines)
     vert_type = ctypes.c_char_p * vert_nlines
     vert_lines = vert_type(*map(ctypes.c_char_p, vert_lines))
     frag_nlines = len(frag_lines)
     frag_type = ctypes.c_char_p * frag_nlines
     frag_lines = frag_type(*map(ctypes.c_char_p, frag_lines))
-    return _load_shader(
-        vert_nlines, ctypes.addressof(vert_lines),
-        frag_nlines, ctypes.addressof(frag_lines))
+    return _create_shader(vert_nlines, vert_lines, frag_nlines, frag_lines)
 
-resolve_input = _lib.rk_resolve_input
-resolve_input.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
+resolve_input = _engine.rk_resolve_input
+resolve_input.restype = _handle
 resolve_input.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p, # shader
     ctypes.c_char_p) # name
 
-resolve_param = _lib.rk_resolve_param
-resolve_param.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
+resolve_param = _engine.rk_resolve_param
+resolve_param.restype = _handle
 resolve_param.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p, # shader
     ctypes.c_char_p) # name
 
-_create_texture = _lib.rk_create_texture
-_create_texture.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
+_create_texture = _engine.rk_create_texture
+_create_texture.restype = _handle
+_create_texture.errcheck = _check_handle
 _create_texture.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_uint, # format
     ctypes.c_uint, # width
@@ -221,123 +348,221 @@ _create_texture.argtypes = (
 def create_texture(format, width, height, nlevels, flags, pixels):
     assert pixels.typecode == TEXTURE_FORMAT_TYPECODE[format]
     assert len(pixels) == width * height * max(1, nlevels) * TEXTURE_FORMAT_NELEMS[format]
-    return _create_texture(format, width, height, nlevels, flags, _voidp(pixels))
+    return _create_texture(format, width, height, nlevels, flags, _void_addr(pixels))
 
-_create_triangles = _lib.rk_create_triangles
-_create_triangles.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
+_create_triangles = _engine.rk_create_triangles
+_create_triangles.restype = _handle
+_create_triangles.errcheck = _check_handle
 _create_triangles.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_uint, # nvertices
     ctypes.c_void_p) # vertices
 
 def create_triangles(vertices):
     assert len(vertices) % 9 == 0
-    return _create_triangles(len(vertices) // 3, _floatp(vertices))
+    return _create_triangles(len(vertices) // 3, _float_addr(vertices))
 
-_create_vertices = _lib.rk_create_vertices
-_create_vertices.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
+_create_vertices = _engine.rk_create_vertices
+_create_vertices.restype = _handle
+_create_vertices.errcheck = _check_handle
 _create_vertices.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_char_p, # format
     ctypes.c_uint, # nvertices
     ctypes.c_void_p, # vertices
     ctypes.c_uint, # nindices
-    ctypes.c_void_p) # indices
+    ctypes.c_void_p, # vertices
+    ctypes.c_uint, # nmeshes
+    ctypes.c_void_p) # meshes
 
-def create_vertices(format, nvertices, vertices, indices):
-    return _create_vertices(format, nvertices, _ubytep(vertices), len(indices), _ushortp(indices))
+def create_vertices(format, nvertices, vertices, indices, meshes):
+    assert len(meshes) % 2 == 0
+    return _create_vertices(format,
+        nvertices, _ubyte_addr(vertices), len(indices), _ushort_addr(indices), len(meshes) // 2, _uint_addr(meshes))
 
-create_batch = _lib.rk_create_batch
-create_batch.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
+create_batch = _engine.rk_create_batch
+create_batch.restype = _handle
+create_batch.errcheck = _check_handle
 create_batch.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p, # vertices
     ctypes.c_uint, # max_size
     ctypes.c_char_p) # params_format
 
-begin_frame = _lib.rk_begin_frame
+fill_batch = _engine.rk_fill_batch
+fill_batch.restype = None
+fill_batch.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_void_p, # batch
+    ctypes.c_uint, # count
+    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ubyte), # flags
+    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ushort), # meshes
+    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p)) # params
 
-select_shader = _lib.rk_select_shader
+clear_buffer = _engine.rk_clear_buffer
+clear_buffer.restype = None
+clear_buffer.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_bool, # pixels
+    ctypes.c_bool, # depth
+    ctypes.c_bool) # stencil
+
+select_shader = _engine.rk_select_shader
+select_shader.restype = None
 select_shader.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p,) # shader
 
-set_input_float = _lib.rk_set_input_float
+set_input_float = _engine.rk_set_input_float
+set_input_float.restype = None
 set_input_float.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p, # input
     ctypes.c_float) # value
 
-set_input_vec3 = _lib.rk_set_input_vec3
+set_input_vec3 = _engine.rk_set_input_vec3
+set_input_vec3.restype = None
 set_input_vec3.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p, # input
-    _vec3p) # value
+    _vec3_p) # value
 
-set_input_mat3 = _lib.rk_set_input_mat3
+set_input_mat3 = _engine.rk_set_input_mat3
+set_input_mat3.restype = None
 set_input_mat3.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p, # input
-    _mat3p) # value
+    _mat3_p) # value
 
-set_input_mat4 = _lib.rk_set_input_mat4
+set_input_mat4 = _engine.rk_set_input_mat4
+set_input_mat4.restype = None
 set_input_mat4.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p, # input
-    _mat4p) # value
+    _mat4_p) # value
 
-set_param_vec3 = _lib.rk_set_param_vec3
+set_param_vec3 = _engine.rk_set_param_vec3
+set_param_vec3.restype = None
 set_param_vec3.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_uint, # layout
-    _vec3p) # value
+    _vec3_p) # value
 
-select_texture = _lib.rk_select_texture
+set_param_mat3 = _engine.rk_set_param_mat3
+set_param_mat3.restype = None
+set_param_mat3.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_uint, # layout
+    _mat3_p) # value
+
+select_texture = _engine.rk_select_texture
+select_texture.restype = None
 select_texture.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_uint, # slot
-    ctypes.c_void_p, # texture
-    ctypes.c_void_p) # sampler
+    ctypes.c_void_p) # texture
 
-draw_triangles = _lib.rk_draw_triangles
+draw_triangles = _engine.rk_draw_triangles
+draw_triangles.restype = None
 draw_triangles.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p,) # triangles
 
-select_vertices = _lib.rk_select_vertices
-select_vertices.argtypes = (
-    ctypes.c_void_p,) # vertices
-
-draw_batch = _lib.rk_draw_batch
+draw_batch = _engine.rk_draw_batch
+draw_batch.restype = None
 draw_batch.argtypes = (
-    ctypes.c_void_p, # batch
-    ctypes.c_uint, # size
-    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ubyte), # flags
-    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint), # meshes
-    ctypes.c_void_p) # params
+    ctypes.c_void_p,) # batch
 
-unselect_vertices = _lib.rk_unselect_vertices
-unselect_vertices.argtypes = (
-    ctypes.c_void_p,) # vertices
-
-unselect_texture = _lib.rk_unselect_texture
+unselect_texture = _engine.rk_unselect_texture
+unselect_texture.restype = None
 unselect_texture.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_uint, # slot
     ctypes.c_void_p) # texture
 
-unselect_shader = _lib.rk_unselect_shader
+unselect_shader = _engine.rk_unselect_shader
+unselect_shader.restype = None
 unselect_shader.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p,) # shader
 
-end_frame = _lib.rk_end_frame
-
-destroy_batch = _lib.rk_destroy_batch
+destroy_batch = _engine.rk_destroy_batch
+destroy_batch.restype = None
 destroy_batch.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p,) # batch
 
-destroy_triangles = _lib.rk_destroy_triangles
+destroy_triangles = _engine.rk_destroy_triangles
+destroy_triangles.restype = None
 destroy_triangles.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p,) # triangles
 
-destroy_vertices = _lib.rk_destroy_vertices
+destroy_vertices = _engine.rk_destroy_vertices
+destroy_vertices.restype = None
 destroy_vertices.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p,) # vertices
 
-destroy_texture = _lib.rk_destroy_texture
+destroy_texture = _engine.rk_destroy_texture
+destroy_texture.restype = None
 destroy_texture.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p,) # texture
 
-destroy_shader = _lib.rk_destroy_shader
+destroy_shader = _engine.rk_destroy_shader
+destroy_shader.restype = None
 destroy_shader.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p,) # shader
 
-terminate = _lib.rk_terminate
+# events.hpp
+
+EVENT_FOCUS_IN = 0
+EVENT_FOCUS_OUT = 1
+EVENT_KEY_PRESS = 2
+EVENT_KEY_RELEASE = 3
+EVENT_BUTTON_PRESS = 4
+EVENT_BUTTON_RELEASE = 5
+EVENT_MOTION = 6
+
+BUTTON_LEFT = 1
+BUTTON_MIDDLE = 2
+BUTTON_RIGHT = 3
+BUTTON_WHEEL_UP = 4
+BUTTON_WHEEL_DOWN = 5
+
+class _EventKey(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ('code', ctypes.c_uint),
+        ('symbol', ctypes.c_uint),
+        ('character', ctypes.c_wchar))
+
+class _EventButton(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = ('index', ctypes.c_uint),
+
+class _EventMotion(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ('x', ctypes.c_int),
+        ('y', ctypes.c_int))
+
+class _Events(ctypes.Union):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ('key', _EventKey),
+        ('button', _EventButton),
+        ('motion', _EventMotion))
+
+class Event(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = ('type', ctypes.c_uint), ('data', _Events)
+
+create_events = _engine.rk_create_events
+create_events.restype = _handle
+create_events.errcheck = _check_handle
+create_events.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_void_p,) # display
+
+destroy_events = _engine.rk_destroy_events
+destroy_events.restype = None
+destroy_events.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_void_p, # display
+    ctypes.c_void_p) # events
+
+set_key_autorepeat = _engine.rk_set_key_autorepeat
+set_key_autorepeat.restype = None
+set_key_autorepeat.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_void_p, # events
+    ctypes.c_bool) # autorepeat
+
+set_motion_acceleration = _engine.rk_set_motion_acceleration
+set_motion_acceleration.restype = None
+set_motion_acceleration.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_void_p, # events
+    ctypes.c_uint, # numerator
+    ctypes.c_uint, # denominator
+    ctypes.c_uint) # threshold
+
+consume_events = _engine.rk_consume_events
+consume_events.restype = ctypes.c_uint
+consume_events.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_void_p, # events
+    ctypes.POINTER(Event), # buffer
+    ctypes.c_uint) # max_events

cpp/display.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 RozK
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef _RK_ENGINE_DISPLAY_H
+#define _RK_ENGINE_DISPLAY_H
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+
+typedef rk_handle_t rk_display_t;
+
+RK_EXPORT rk_display_t rk_create_display(
+    rk_char const * name,
+    rk_uint width,
+    rk_uint height);
+
+RK_EXPORT void rk_destroy_display(
+    rk_display_t display);
+
+RK_EXPORT void rk_swap_buffers(
+    rk_display_t display);
+
+#endif // _RK_ENGINE_DISPLAY_H

cpp/display/display_glx.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 RozK
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Adapted from https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Tutorial:_OpenGL_3.0_Context_Creation_(GLX)
+
+#include "../display.hpp"
+#include "display_glx.hpp"
+#include "../events/events_x11.hpp"
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
+static bool rk_error_occured = false;
+
+#define GLX_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION_ARB 0x2091
+#define GLX_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION_ARB 0x2092
+typedef GLXContext (*rk_CreateContextAttribsFunc)(Display *, GLXFBConfig, GLXContext, Bool, int const *);
+
+static int const rk_context_attribs[] = {
+    GLX_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION_ARB, 3,
+    GLX_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION_ARB, 2,
+    GLX_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK_ARB, GLX_CONTEXT_ES_PROFILE_BIT_EXT,
+    None
+};
+
+static void rk_x11_printf(
+    char const * messsage) {
+    printf("[X11] %s\n", messsage);
+}
+
+static void rk_glx_printf(
+    char const * messsage) {
+    printf("[GLX] %s\n", messsage);
+}
+
+bool rk_extension_supported(
+    char const * extensions,
+    char const * extension) {
+    char const * where = strchr(extension, ' ');
+    if (where || *extension == '\0') {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (char const * start = extensions;;) {
+        where = strstr(start, extension);
+        if (!where) {
+            break;
+        }
+        char const * const terminator = where + strlen(extension);
+        if ((where == start || *(where - 1) == ' ') && (*terminator == ' ' || *terminator == '\0')) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        start = terminator;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+rk_func_ptr rk_resolve_extension(
+    char const * extensions,
+    char const * extension,
+    char const * fn) {
+    if (!extensions || !extension || !fn) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (!rk_extension_supported(extensions, extension)) {
+        printf("[GLX] Extension %s not supported\n", extension);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    rk_func_ptr const ptr = glXGetProcAddressARB(reinterpret_cast<GLubyte const *>(fn));
+    if (!ptr) {
+        printf("[GLX] Function %s::%s not found\n", extension, fn);
+    }
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+static int rk_error_handler(
+    Display * display,
+    XErrorEvent * event) {
+    rk_error_occured = true;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+rk_display_t rk_create_display(
+    rk_char const * name,
+    rk_uint width,
+    rk_uint height) {
+    if (!name || !width || !height) {
+        return nullptr;
+    };
+    rk_display_glx * const display = new rk_display_glx;
+    display->display = XOpenDisplay(nullptr);
+    display->window = 0;
+    display->colormap = 0;
+    display->context = nullptr;
+    if (!display->display) {
+        rk_x11_printf("Failed to open X display.");
+        rk_destroy_display(reinterpret_cast<rk_display_t>(display));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    int glx_major, glx_minor;
+    if (!glXQueryVersion(display->display, &glx_major, &glx_minor) ||
+            (glx_major == 1 && glx_minor < 3) || glx_major < 1) {
+        rk_glx_printf("Invalid GLX version.");
+        rk_destroy_display(reinterpret_cast<rk_display_t>(display));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    char const * const glx_exts = glXQueryExtensionsString(display->display, DefaultScreen(display->display));
+    // rk_glx_printf(glx_exts);
+    rk_CreateContextAttribsFunc const glXCreateContextAttribs = reinterpret_cast<rk_CreateContextAttribsFunc>(
+        rk_resolve_extension(glx_exts, "GLX_ARB_create_context", "glXCreateContextAttribsARB"));
+    if (!glXCreateContextAttribs) {
+        rk_destroy_display(reinterpret_cast<rk_display_t>(display));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    int fb_count = 0;
+    GLXFBConfig * fb_configs;
+    bool const srgb_ext = rk_extension_supported(glx_exts, "GLX_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB");
+    if (srgb_ext) {
+        rk_glx_printf("GLX_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB extension supported.");
+        int const visual_attribs[] = { GLX_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB_CAPABLE_EXT, True, GLX_DOUBLEBUFFER, True, None };
+        fb_configs = glXChooseFBConfig(display->display, DefaultScreen(display->display), visual_attribs, &fb_count);
+    } else {
+        int const visual_attribs[] = { GLX_DOUBLEBUFFER, True, None };
+        fb_configs = glXChooseFBConfig(display->display, DefaultScreen(display->display), visual_attribs, &fb_count);
+    }
+    printf("[GLX] Found %d framebuffer configs.\n", fb_count);
+    if (!fb_configs || !fb_count) {
+        rk_glx_printf("Failed to retrieve framebuffer configs.");
+        rk_destroy_display(reinterpret_cast<rk_display_t>(display));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    GLXFBConfig fb_config;
+    int rs = 0;
+    int gs = 0;
+    int bs = 0;
+    int as = 0;
+    int ds = 0;
+    int ss = 0;
+    for (int fb_index = 0; fb_index < fb_count; ++fb_index) {
+        GLXFBConfig _config = fb_configs[fb_index];
+        int _rs = 0;
+        int _gs = 0;
+        int _bs = 0;
+        int _as = 0;
+        int _ds = 0;
+        int _ss = 0;
+        glXGetFBConfigAttrib(display->display, _config, GLX_RED_SIZE, &_rs);
+        glXGetFBConfigAttrib(display->display, _config, GLX_GREEN_SIZE, &_gs);
+        glXGetFBConfigAttrib(display->display, _config, GLX_BLUE_SIZE, &_bs);
+        glXGetFBConfigAttrib(display->display, _config, GLX_ALPHA_SIZE, &_as);
+        glXGetFBConfigAttrib(display->display, _config, GLX_DEPTH_SIZE, &_ds);
+        glXGetFBConfigAttrib(display->display, _config, GLX_STENCIL_SIZE, &_ss);
+        if ((_rs >= rs && _gs >= gs && _bs >= bs && _as >= as && _ds >= ds && _ss >= ss) &&
+            (_rs >  rs || _gs >  gs || _bs >  bs || _as >  as || _ds >  ds || _ss >  ss)) {
+            XVisualInfo * const vi = glXGetVisualFromFBConfig(display->display, _config);
+            if (vi) {
+                XFree(vi);
+                rs = _rs;
+                gs = _gs;
+                bs = _bs;
+                as = _as;
+                ds = _ds;
+                ss = _ss;
+                fb_config = _config;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    printf("[RK] Select framebuffer config R%dG%dB%dA%d D%dS%d.\n", rs, gs, bs, as, ds, ss);
+    if (srgb_ext) {
+        int srgb = 0;
+        glXGetFBConfigAttrib(display->display, fb_config, GLX_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB_CAPABLE_EXT, &srgb);
+        if (srgb) {
+            rk_glx_printf("sRGB framebuffer selected.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    XVisualInfo * const vi = glXGetVisualFromFBConfig(display->display, fb_config);
+    Window root = RootWindow(display->display, vi->screen);
+    display->colormap = XCreateColormap(display->display, root, vi->visual, AllocNone);
+    XSetWindowAttributes win_attributes;
+    win_attributes.colormap = display->colormap;
+    win_attributes.event_mask = RK_EVENTS_MASK;
+    display->window = XCreateWindow(display->display, root,
+        0, 0, width, height, 0, vi->depth, InputOutput, vi->visual, CWColormap | CWEventMask, &win_attributes);
+    XFree(vi);
+    XFree(fb_configs);
+    if (!display->window) {
+        rk_x11_printf("Failed to create window.");
+        rk_destroy_display(reinterpret_cast<rk_display_t>(display));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    XStoreName(display->display, display->window, name);
+    XMapWindow(display->display, display->window);
+
+    rk_error_occured = false;
+    int (*oldHandler)(Display *, XErrorEvent *) = XSetErrorHandler(&rk_error_handler);
+    display->context = glXCreateContextAttribs(display->display, fb_config, 0, True, rk_context_attribs);
+    XSync(display->display, False);
+    XSetErrorHandler(oldHandler);
+    if (rk_error_occured || !display->context) {
+        rk_glx_printf("Failed to create context.");
+        rk_destroy_display(reinterpret_cast<rk_display_t>(display));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (!glXIsDirect(display->display, display->context)) {
+        rk_glx_printf("Warning: Rendering context is indirect.");
+    }
+    glXMakeCurrent(display->display, display->window, display->context);
+    if (srgb_ext) {
+        glEnable(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB_EXT);
+        if (glIsEnabled(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB_EXT)) {
+            rk_glx_printf("sRGB framebuffer enabled.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    return reinterpret_cast<rk_display_t>(display);
+}
+
+void rk_destroy_display(
+    rk_display_t _display) {
+    rk_display_glx * const display = reinterpret_cast<rk_display_glx *>(_display);
+    if (display) {
+        if (display->display) {
+            glXMakeCurrent(display->display, 0, nullptr);
+            if (display->context) {
+                glXDestroyContext(display->display, display->context);
+            }
+            if (display->window) {
+                XDestroyWindow(display->display, display->window);
+            }
+            if (display->colormap) {
+                XFreeColormap(display->display, display->colormap);
+            }
+            XCloseDisplay(display->display);
+        }
+        delete display;
+    }
+}
+
+void rk_swap_buffers(
+    rk_display_t _display) {
+    rk_display_glx const * const display = reinterpret_cast<rk_display_glx const *>(_display);
+    if (display && display->display && display->window) {
+        glXSwapBuffers(display->display, display->window);
+    }
+}

cpp/display/display_glx.hpp

@@ -13,21 +13,26 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 // along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-#ifndef _RK_ENGINE_RENDER_CONTEXT_H
-#define _RK_ENGINE_RENDER_CONTEXT_H
+#ifndef _RK_ENGINE_DISPLAY_GLX_H
+#define _RK_ENGINE_DISPLAY_GLX_H
 
-#include "../render.hpp"
+#include "../types.hpp"
+#include "display_x11.hpp"
 #include <GL/glx.h>
 
-extern PFNGLDRAWELEMENTSINSTANCEDBASEINSTANCEPROC rk_DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance;
-extern PFNGLMULTIDRAWELEMENTSINDIRECTPROC rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect;
+struct rk_display_glx : public rk_display_x11 {
+    GLXContext context;
+};
 
-extern rk_window_t rk_create_context(
-    char const * name,
-    unsigned width,
-    unsigned height);
+typedef void (*rk_func_ptr)();
 
-extern void rk_swap_buffers();
-extern void rk_destroy_context();
+extern bool rk_extension_supported(
+    char const * extensions,
+    char const * extension);
 
-#endif // _RK_ENGINE_RENDER_CONTEXT_H
+extern rk_func_ptr rk_resolve_extension(
+    char const * extensions,
+    char const * extension,
+    char const * fn);
+
+#endif // _RK_ENGINE_DISPLAY_GLX_H

cpp/display/display_x11.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 RozK
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef _RK_ENGINE_DISPLAY_X11_H
+#define _RK_ENGINE_DISPLAY_X11_H
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+
+struct rk_display_x11 {
+    Display * display;
+    Window window;
+    Colormap colormap;
+};
+
+#endif // _RK_ENGINE_DISPLAY_X11_H

cpp/events.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 RozK
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef _RK_ENGINE_EVENTS_H
+#define _RK_ENGINE_EVENTS_H
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "display.hpp"
+
+typedef rk_handle_t rk_events_t;
+
+enum rk_event_type : rk_uint {
+    RK_EVENT_FOCUS_IN = 0,
+    RK_EVENT_FOCUS_OUT = 1,
+    RK_EVENT_KEY_PRESS = 2,
+    RK_EVENT_KEY_RELEASE = 3,
+    RK_EVENT_BUTTON_PRESS = 4,
+    RK_EVENT_BUTTON_RELEASE = 5,
+    RK_EVENT_MOTION = 6
+};
+
+struct rk_event_key {
+    rk_uint code;
+    rk_uint symbol;
+    rk_wchar character;
+};
+
+struct rk_event_button {
+    rk_uint index;
+};
+
+struct rk_event_motion {
+    rk_int x;
+    rk_int y;
+};
+
+struct rk_event {
+    rk_event_type type;
+    union {
+        rk_event_key key;
+        rk_event_button button;
+        rk_event_motion motion;
+    };
+};
+
+RK_EXPORT rk_events_t rk_create_events(
+    rk_display_t display);
+
+RK_EXPORT void rk_destroy_events(
+    rk_display_t display,
+    rk_events_t events);
+
+RK_EXPORT void rk_set_key_autorepeat(
+    rk_events_t events,
+    rk_bool autorepeat);
+
+RK_EXPORT void rk_set_motion_acceleration(
+    rk_events_t events,
+    rk_uint numerator,
+    rk_uint denominator,
+    rk_uint threshold);
+
+RK_EXPORT rk_uint rk_consume_events(
+    rk_events_t events,
+    rk_event * buffer,
+    rk_uint max_events);
+
+#endif // _RK_ENGINE_EVENTS_H

cpp/events/events_x11.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 RozK
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include "../events.hpp"
+#include "events_x11.hpp"
+#include "../display/display_x11.hpp"
+#include <cstdio>
+
+static void rk_x11_printf(
+    char const * messsage) {
+    printf("[X11] %s\n", messsage);
+}
+
+static void rk_backup(rk_events_x11 & events) {
+    XKeyboardState backup;
+    XGetKeyboardControl(events.display, &backup);
+    events.backup_autorepeat = (AutoRepeatModeOn == backup.global_auto_repeat);
+    XGetPointerControl(
+        events.display, &events.backup_numerator, &events.backup_denominator, &events.backup_threshold);
+}
+
+static void rk_restore(rk_events_x11 & events) {
+    if (events.backup_autorepeat) {
+        XAutoRepeatOn(events.display);
+    } else {
+        XAutoRepeatOff(events.display);
+    }
+    XChangePointerControl(
+        events.display, True, True, events.backup_numerator, events.backup_denominator, events.backup_threshold);
+}
+
+static void rk_apply(rk_events_x11 & events) {
+    if (events.key_autorepeat) {
+        XAutoRepeatOn(events.display);
+    } else {
+        XAutoRepeatOff(events.display);
+    }
+    XChangePointerControl(
+        events.display, True, True, events.motion_numerator, events.motion_denominator, events.motion_threshold);
+}
+
+static void rk_focus_in(rk_events_x11 & events) {
+    if (!events.focused) {
+        rk_backup(events);
+        rk_apply(events);
+        XGrabPointer(events.display, events.window, True,
+            ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask | PointerMotionMask,
+            GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync, events.window, None, CurrentTime);
+        events.focused = true;
+    }
+}
+
+static void rk_focus_out(rk_events_x11 & events) {
+    if (events.focused) {
+        XUngrabPointer(events.display, CurrentTime);
+        rk_restore(events);
+        events.focused = false;
+    }
+}
+
+rk_events_t rk_create_events(
+    rk_display_t _display) {
+    rk_display_x11 const * const display = reinterpret_cast<rk_display_x11 const *>(_display);
+    if (!display || !display->display || !display->window) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    rk_events_x11 * const events = new rk_events_x11;
+    events->display = display->display;
+    events->window = display->window;
+    events->input_manager = XOpenIM(display->display, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (!events->input_manager) {
+        rk_x11_printf("Failed to open input manager.");
+        delete events;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    events->input_context = XCreateIC(events->input_manager,
+        XNInputStyle, XIMPreeditNone | XIMStatusNone,
+        XNClientWindow, display->window,
+        NULL);
+    if (!events->input_context) {
+        rk_x11_printf("Failed to create input context.");
+        XCloseIM(events->input_manager);
+        delete events;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    events->focused = false;
+    rk_backup(*events);
+    events->key_autorepeat = events->backup_autorepeat;
+    events->motion_numerator = events->backup_numerator;
+    events->motion_denominator = events->backup_denominator;
+    events->motion_threshold = events->backup_threshold;
+    XSetICFocus(events->input_context);
+    return reinterpret_cast<rk_events_t>(events);
+}
+
+void rk_destroy_events(
+    rk_display_t _display,
+    rk_events_t _events) {
+    rk_display_x11 const * const display = reinterpret_cast<rk_display_x11 const *>(_display);
+    rk_events_x11 * const events = reinterpret_cast<rk_events_x11 *>(_events);
+    if (display && events && display->display && display->display == events->display) {
+        rk_restore(*events);
+        if (events->input_context) {
+            XUnsetICFocus(events->input_context);
+            XDestroyIC(events->input_context);
+        }
+        if (events->input_manager) {
+            XCloseIM(events->input_manager);
+        }
+    }
+    if (events) {
+        delete events;
+    }
+}
+
+void rk_set_key_autorepeat(
+    rk_events_t _events,
+    rk_bool autorepeat) {
+    rk_events_x11 * const events = reinterpret_cast<rk_events_x11 *>(_events);
+    if (events) {
+        events->key_autorepeat = autorepeat;
+        if (events->focused) {
+            rk_apply(*events);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void rk_set_motion_acceleration(
+    rk_events_t _events,
+    rk_uint numerator,
+    rk_uint denominator,
+    rk_uint threshold) {
+    rk_events_x11 * const events = reinterpret_cast<rk_events_x11 *>(_events);
+    if (events) {
+        events->motion_numerator = numerator;
+        events->motion_denominator = denominator;
+        events->motion_threshold = threshold;
+        if (events->focused) {
+            rk_apply(*events);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+rk_uint rk_consume_events(
+    rk_events_t _events,
+    rk_event * buffer,
+    rk_uint max_events) {
+    static wchar_t string[256];
+    rk_events_x11 * const events = reinterpret_cast<rk_events_x11 *>(_events);
+    if (!events || !buffer || !max_events) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    XEvent x11_event;
+    KeySym keysym;
+    Status status;
+    unsigned nevents = 0;
+    while (nevents < max_events && XCheckWindowEvent(events->display, events->window, RK_EVENTS_MASK, &x11_event)) {
+        if (XFilterEvent(&x11_event, 0)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        rk_event & event = buffer[nevents];
+        switch (x11_event.type) {
+
+            case FocusIn:
+                if (NotifyNormal == x11_event.xfocus.mode) {
+                    rk_focus_in(*events);
+                    event.type = RK_EVENT_FOCUS_IN;
+                    ++nevents;
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case FocusOut:
+                if (NotifyNormal == x11_event.xfocus.mode) {
+                    rk_focus_out(*events);
+                    event.type = RK_EVENT_FOCUS_OUT;
+                    ++nevents;
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case KeyPress:
+                event.type = RK_EVENT_KEY_PRESS;
+                event.key.code = x11_event.xkey.keycode;
+                XwcLookupString(events->input_context, &x11_event.xkey, string, 256, &keysym, &status);
+                switch (status) {
+                    case XLookupChars:
+                        event.key.symbol = XLookupKeysym(&x11_event.xkey, 0);
+                        event.key.character = string[0];
+                        break;
+                    case XLookupKeySym:
+                        event.key.symbol = keysym;
+                        event.key.character = 0;
+                        break;
+                    case XLookupBoth:
+                        event.key.symbol = keysym;
+                        event.key.character = string[0];
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        event.key.symbol = 0;
+                        event.key.character = 0;
+                        break;
+                }
+                ++nevents;
+                break;
+
+            case KeyRelease:
+                event.type = RK_EVENT_KEY_RELEASE;
+                event.key.code = x11_event.xkey.keycode;
+                event.key.symbol = XLookupKeysym(&x11_event.xkey, 0);
+                event.key.character = 0;
+                ++nevents;
+                break;
+
+            case ButtonPress:
+                event.type = RK_EVENT_BUTTON_PRESS;
+                event.button.index = x11_event.xbutton.button;
+                ++nevents;
+                break;
+
+            case ButtonRelease:
+                event.type = RK_EVENT_BUTTON_RELEASE;
+                event.button.index = x11_event.xbutton.button;
+                ++nevents;
+                break;
+
+            case MotionNotify:
+                event.type = RK_EVENT_MOTION;
+                event.motion.x = x11_event.xbutton.x;
+                event.motion.y = x11_event.xbutton.y;
+                ++nevents;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    return nevents;
+}

cpp/events/events_x11.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 RozK
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef _RK_ENGINE_EVENTS_X11_H
+#define _RK_ENGINE_EVENTS_X11_H
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+
+enum : unsigned {
+    RK_EVENTS_MASK = FocusChangeMask |
+        KeyPressMask | KeyReleaseMask |
+        ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask |
+        PointerMotionMask
+};
+
+struct rk_events_x11 {
+    Display * display;
+    Window window;
+    XIM input_manager;
+    XIC input_context;
+    bool focused;
+    bool key_autorepeat;
+    bool backup_autorepeat;
+    int motion_numerator;
+    int backup_numerator;
+    int motion_denominator;
+    int backup_denominator;
+    int motion_threshold;
+    int backup_threshold;
+};
+
+#endif // _RK_ENGINE_EVENTS_X11_H

cpp/math.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ void rk_vec3_rotate(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & vec3,
     rk_vec3 const & axis,
-    float const angle) {
+    rk_float const angle) {
     ret = glm::angleAxis(angle, axis) * vec3;
 }
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ void rk_vec3_mul_vec3(
 void rk_mat3_rotation(
     rk_mat3 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & axis,
-    float const angle) {
+    rk_float const angle) {
     ret = glm::mat3_cast(glm::angleAxis(angle, axis));
 }
 
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ void rk_mat3_mul_mat3(
 
 void rk_mat4_projection(
     rk_mat4 & ret,
-    float hfov,
-    float ratio,
-    float near,
-    float far) {
+    rk_float hfov,
+    rk_float ratio,
+    rk_float near,
+    rk_float far) {
     ret = glm::perspectiveRH(hfov, ratio, near, far);
 }
 
@@ -64,14 +64,26 @@ void rk_mat4_lookat(
     rk_mat4 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & position,
     rk_vec3 const & lookat) {
-    ret = glm::lookAtRH(position, lookat, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
+    ret = glm::lookAtRH(position, lookat, vec3_up);
+}
+
+void rk_mat4_orbit(
+    rk_mat4 & ret,
+    rk_vec3 const & origin,
+    rk_float const yaw,
+    rk_float const pitch,
+    rk_float const distance) {
+    ret = glm::translate(
+        glm::lookAtRH(glm::vec3(0.f, -distance, 0.f), vec3_origin, vec3_up) *
+            glm::mat4(glm::angleAxis(pitch, vec3_right) * glm::angleAxis(yaw, vec3_up)),
+        origin);
 }
 
 void rk_mat4_mul_vec3(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
     rk_mat4 const & a,
     rk_vec3 const & b,
-    float const w) {
+    rk_float const w) {
     ret = glm::vec3(a * glm::vec4(b, w));
 }
 

cpp/math.hpp

@@ -26,11 +26,24 @@ typedef glm::vec4 rk_vec4;
 typedef glm::mat3 rk_mat3;
 typedef glm::mat4 rk_mat4;
 
+#define RK_CHECK_MATH_TYPE(_t, _e, _c) static_assert(sizeof(_t) == sizeof(_e) * (_c))
+
+RK_CHECK_MATH_TYPE(rk_vec2, float, 2);
+RK_CHECK_MATH_TYPE(rk_vec3, float, 3);
+RK_CHECK_MATH_TYPE(rk_vec4, float, 4);
+RK_CHECK_MATH_TYPE(rk_mat3, rk_vec3, 3);
+RK_CHECK_MATH_TYPE(rk_mat4, rk_vec4, 4);
+
+#define vec3_right   (rk_vec3(1.f, 0.f, 0.f))
+#define vec3_forward (rk_vec3(0.f, 1.f, 0.f))
+#define vec3_up      (rk_vec3(0.f, 0.f, 1.f))
+#define vec3_origin  (rk_vec3(0.f, 0.f, 0.f))
+
 RK_EXPORT void rk_vec3_rotate(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & vec3,
     rk_vec3 const & axis,
-    float const angle);
+    rk_float const angle);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_vec3_mul_vec3(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
@@ -40,7 +53,7 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_vec3_mul_vec3(
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat3_rotation(
     rk_mat3 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & axis,
-    float const angle);
+    rk_float const angle);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat3_mul_vec3(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
@@ -54,21 +67,28 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_mat3_mul_mat3(
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat4_projection(
     rk_mat4 & ret,
-    float hfov,
-    float ratio,
-    float near,
-    float far);
+    rk_float hfov,
+    rk_float ratio,
+    rk_float near,
+    rk_float far);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat4_lookat(
     rk_mat4 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & position,
     rk_vec3 const & lookat);
 
+RK_EXPORT void rk_mat4_orbit(
+    rk_mat4 & ret,
+    rk_vec3 const & origin,
+    rk_float const yaw,
+    rk_float const pitch,
+    rk_float const distance);
+
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat4_mul_vec3(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
     rk_mat4 const & a,
     rk_vec3 const & b,
-    float const w);
+    rk_float const w);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat4_mul_vec4(
     rk_vec4 & ret,

cpp/opengl/render_context_glx.cpp

@@ -1,234 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2022 RozK
-//
-// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-// Adapted from https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Tutorial:_OpenGL_3.0_Context_Creation_(GLX)
-
-#include "render_context.hpp"
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <GLES3/gl32.h>
-#include <X11/Xlib.h>
-
-static Display * rk_display = nullptr;
-static Colormap rk_colormap = 0;
-static Window rk_window = 0;
-static GLXContext rk_context = nullptr;
-static bool rk_error_occured = false;
-
-#define GLX_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION_ARB 0x2091
-#define GLX_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION_ARB 0x2092
-typedef GLXContext (*glXCreateContextAttribsARBProc)(Display *, GLXFBConfig, GLXContext, Bool, int const *);
-
-PFNGLDRAWELEMENTSINSTANCEDBASEINSTANCEPROC rk_DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance = nullptr;
-PFNGLMULTIDRAWELEMENTSINDIRECTPROC rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect = nullptr;
-
-static int const rk_visual_attribs[] = {
-    GLX_X_RENDERABLE, True,
-    GLX_DRAWABLE_TYPE, GLX_WINDOW_BIT,
-    GLX_RENDER_TYPE, GLX_RGBA_BIT,
-    GLX_X_VISUAL_TYPE, GLX_TRUE_COLOR,
-    GLX_RED_SIZE, 8,
-    GLX_GREEN_SIZE, 8,
-    GLX_BLUE_SIZE, 8,
-    GLX_ALPHA_SIZE, 8,
-    GLX_DEPTH_SIZE, 24,
-    GLX_STENCIL_SIZE, 8,
-    GLX_DOUBLEBUFFER, True,
-    None
-};
-
-static int const rk_context_attribs[] = {
-    GLX_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION_ARB, 3,
-    GLX_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION_ARB, 2,
-    GLX_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK_ARB, GLX_CONTEXT_ES_PROFILE_BIT_EXT,
-    None
-};
-
-static void rk_printf(
-    char const * messsage) {
-    printf("[GLX] %s\n", messsage);
-}
-
-static bool rk_extension_supported(
-    char const * extlist,
-    char const * extension) {
-    char const * where = strchr(extension, ' ');
-    if (where || *extension == '\0') {
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (char const * start = extlist;;) {
-        where = strstr(start, extension);
-        if (!where) {
-            break;
-        }
-        char const * const terminator = where + strlen(extension);
-        if ((where == start || *(where - 1) == ' ') && (*terminator == ' ' || *terminator == '\0')) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        start = terminator;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-static int rk_error_handler(
-    Display * display,
-    XErrorEvent * event) {
-    rk_error_occured = true;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-rk_window_t rk_create_context(
-    char const * name,
-    unsigned width,
-    unsigned height) {
-    rk_display = XOpenDisplay(nullptr);
-    if (!rk_display) {
-        rk_printf("Failed to open X display.");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    int glx_major, glx_minor;
-    if (!glXQueryVersion(rk_display, &glx_major, &glx_minor) || (glx_major == 1 && glx_minor < 3) || glx_major < 1) {
-        rk_printf("Invalid GLX version.");
-        rk_destroy_context();
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    int fbcount;
-    GLXFBConfig * const fbc = glXChooseFBConfig(rk_display, DefaultScreen(rk_display), rk_visual_attribs, &fbcount);
-    if (!fbc) {
-        rk_printf("Failed to retrieve framebuffer configs.");
-        rk_destroy_context();
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    printf("[GLX] Found %d framebuffer configs.\n", fbcount);
-
-    int best_fbc = -1;
-    int best_num_samp = -1;
-    for (int i = 0; i < fbcount; ++i) {
-        XVisualInfo * vi = glXGetVisualFromFBConfig(rk_display, fbc[i]);
-        if (vi) {
-            int samp_buf, samples;
-            glXGetFBConfigAttrib(rk_display, fbc[i], GLX_SAMPLE_BUFFERS, &samp_buf);
-            glXGetFBConfigAttrib(rk_display, fbc[i], GLX_SAMPLES, &samples);
-            if (best_fbc < 0 || (samp_buf && samples > best_num_samp)) {
-                best_fbc = i;
-                best_num_samp = samples;
-            }
-            XFree(vi);
-        }
-    }
-    if (best_fbc == -1) {
-        XFree(fbc);
-        rk_printf("Failed to find a suitable framebuffer config.");
-        rk_destroy_context();
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    GLXFBConfig const bestFbc = fbc[best_fbc];
-    XFree(fbc);
-    printf("[GLX] Select framebuffer config with %d samples.\n", best_num_samp);
-
-    XVisualInfo * const vi = glXGetVisualFromFBConfig(rk_display, bestFbc);
-    rk_colormap = XCreateColormap(rk_display, RootWindow(rk_display, vi->screen), vi->visual, AllocNone);
-    XSetWindowAttributes swa;
-    swa.colormap = rk_colormap;
-    swa.background_pixmap = None;
-    swa.border_pixel = 0;
-    swa.event_mask = StructureNotifyMask;
-    rk_window = XCreateWindow(rk_display, RootWindow(rk_display, vi->screen),
-                                0, 0, width, height, 0, vi->depth, InputOutput, vi->visual,
-                                CWBorderPixel | CWColormap | CWEventMask, &swa);
-    if (!rk_window) {
-        rk_printf("Failed to create window.");
-        rk_destroy_context();
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    XFree(vi);
-    XStoreName(rk_display, rk_window, name);
-    XMapWindow(rk_display, rk_window);
-
-    char const * const glx_exts = glXQueryExtensionsString(rk_display, DefaultScreen(rk_display));
-    glXCreateContextAttribsARBProc const glXCreateContextAttribsARB =
-        reinterpret_cast<glXCreateContextAttribsARBProc>(
-            glXGetProcAddressARB(reinterpret_cast<GLubyte const *>("glXCreateContextAttribsARB")));
-
-    rk_error_occured = false;
-    int (*oldHandler)(Display *, XErrorEvent *) = XSetErrorHandler(&rk_error_handler);
-    if (!rk_extension_supported(glx_exts, "GLX_ARB_create_context") || !glXCreateContextAttribsARB) {
-        rk_printf("glXCreateContextAttribsARB() extension not found.");
-        rk_destroy_context();
-        return nullptr;
-    } else {
-        rk_context = glXCreateContextAttribsARB(rk_display, bestFbc, 0, True, rk_context_attribs);
-        XSync(rk_display, False);
-        if (rk_error_occured || !rk_context) {
-            rk_printf("Failed to create context.");
-            rk_destroy_context();
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-    }
-    XSetErrorHandler(oldHandler);
-
-    if (!glXIsDirect(rk_display, rk_context)) {
-        rk_printf("Warning: Rendering context is indirect.");
-    }
-    glXMakeCurrent(rk_display, rk_window, rk_context);
-
-    char const * const gl_exts = reinterpret_cast<char const *>(glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS));
-    if (rk_extension_supported(gl_exts, "GL_EXT_base_instance")) {
-        rk_DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance =
-            reinterpret_cast<PFNGLDRAWELEMENTSINSTANCEDBASEINSTANCEPROC>(
-                glXGetProcAddressARB(reinterpret_cast<GLubyte const *>("DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance")));
-        if (rk_DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance) {
-            rk_printf("Using extension GL_EXT_base_instance::DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance.");
-            if (rk_extension_supported(gl_exts, "GL_EXT_multi_draw_indirect")) {
-                rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect =
-                    reinterpret_cast<PFNGLMULTIDRAWELEMENTSINDIRECTPROC>(
-                        glXGetProcAddressARB(reinterpret_cast<GLubyte const *>("MultiDrawElementsIndirectEXT")));
-                if (rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect) {
-                    rk_printf("Using extension GL_EXT_multi_draw_indirect::MultiDrawElementsIndirectEXT.");
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return reinterpret_cast<rk_window_t>(rk_window);
-}
-
-void rk_swap_buffers() {
-    if (rk_display && rk_window) {
-        glXSwapBuffers(rk_display, rk_window);
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_destroy_context() {
-    if (rk_display) {
-        glXMakeCurrent(rk_display, 0, nullptr);
-        if (rk_context) {
-            glXDestroyContext(rk_display, rk_context);
-            rk_context = nullptr;
-        }
-        if (rk_window) {
-            XDestroyWindow(rk_display, rk_window);
-            rk_window = 0;
-        }
-        if (rk_colormap) {
-            XFreeColormap(rk_display, rk_colormap);
-            rk_colormap = 0;
-        }
-        XCloseDisplay(rk_display);
-        rk_display = nullptr;
-    }
-}

cpp/opengl/render_opengles.cpp

@@ -1,736 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2022 RozK
-//
-// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
-// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-#include "render_opengles.hpp"
-#include <cstdio>
-
-static rk_shader const * rk_current_shader = nullptr;
-static rk_vertices const * rk_current_vertices = nullptr;
-
-static void rk_printf(char const * messsage) {
-    printf("[RK_ENGINE] %s\n", messsage);
-}
-
-#define rk_error(message) { if (glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR) { rk_printf(message); } }
-
-static void rk_debug_message_callback(
-    GLenum source,
-    GLenum type,
-    GLuint id,
-    GLenum severity,
-    GLsizei length,
-    GLchar const * message,
-    void const * userParam) {
-    printf("[RK_ENGINE][GL] (id=%d) %s\n", id, message);
-}
-
-rk_window_t rk_initialize(
-    char const * name,
-    rk_uint width,
-    rk_uint height) {
-    rk_window_t const window = rk_create_context(name, width, height);
-    if (window) {
-        GLubyte const * const vendor = glGetString(GL_VENDOR);
-        GLubyte const * const renderer = glGetString(GL_RENDERER);
-        printf("[RK_ENGINE] vendor: %s, renderer: %s\n", vendor, renderer);
-        GLubyte const * const version = glGetString(GL_VERSION);
-        GLubyte const * const language = glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION);
-        printf("[RK_ENGINE] version: %s, language: %s\n", version, language);
-
-        glDebugMessageCallback(rk_debug_message_callback, nullptr);
-        glEnable(GL_DEBUG_OUTPUT);
-
-        glDisable(GL_BLEND);
-        glEnable(GL_DITHER);
-        glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
-        glDisable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
-        glDisable(GL_STENCIL_TEST);
-        glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
-        glFrontFace(GL_CCW);
-        glCullFace(GL_BACK);
-        glHint(GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP_HINT, GL_NICEST);
-    }
-    return window;
-}
-
-static void rk_print_shader_infolog(GLuint shader) {
-    GLsizei length;
-    char infolog[1024];
-    glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, sizeof(infolog), &length, infolog);
-    if (length > 0) {
-        rk_printf(infolog);
-    }
-}
-
-static void rk_print_program_infolog(GLuint program) {
-    GLsizei length;
-    char infolog[1024];
-    glGetProgramInfoLog(program, sizeof(infolog), &length, infolog);
-    if (length > 0) {
-        rk_printf(infolog);
-    }
-}
-
-//TODO: error handling
-rk_shader_t rk_load_shader(
-    rk_uint const vert_nlines,
-    char const ** const vert_lines,
-    rk_uint const frag_nlines,
-    char const ** const frag_lines) {
-    rk_shader * const shader = new rk_shader;
-    shader->vertex = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
-    shader->fragment = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
-    shader->program = glCreateProgram();
-    if (!vert_nlines || !vert_lines) {
-        rk_printf("Missing vertex shader.");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    if (!frag_nlines || !frag_lines) {
-        rk_printf("Missing fragment shader.");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    rk_printf("Compiling vertex shader...");
-    glShaderSource(shader->vertex, vert_nlines, vert_lines, nullptr);
-    glCompileShader(shader->vertex);
-    rk_error("glCompileShader() failed.");
-    rk_print_shader_infolog(shader->vertex);
-    rk_printf("Compiling fragment shader...");
-    glShaderSource(shader->fragment, frag_nlines, frag_lines, nullptr);
-    glCompileShader(shader->fragment);
-    rk_error("glCompileShader() failed.");
-    rk_print_shader_infolog(shader->fragment);
-    rk_printf("Linking program...");
-    glAttachShader(shader->program, shader->vertex);
-    glAttachShader(shader->program, shader->fragment);
-    glLinkProgram(shader->program);
-    rk_error("glLinkProgram() failed.");
-    rk_print_program_infolog(shader->program);
-    rk_printf("Done.");
-    glReleaseShaderCompiler();
-    return shader;
-}
-
-rk_input_t rk_resolve_input(
-    rk_shader_t _shader,
-    char const * name) {
-    rk_shader const * const shader = reinterpret_cast<rk_shader const *>(_shader);
-    if (!shader || !name) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    GLint const uniform = glGetUniformLocation(shader->program, name);
-    return reinterpret_cast<rk_input_t>(uniform + 1);
-}
-
-rk_param_t rk_resolve_param(
-    rk_shader_t _shader,
-    char const * name) {
-    rk_shader const * const shader = reinterpret_cast<rk_shader const *>(_shader);
-    if (!shader || !name) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    GLint const location = glGetAttribLocation(shader->program, name);
-    return reinterpret_cast<rk_param_t>(location + 1);
-}
-
-rk_texture_t rk_create_texture(
-    rk_texture_format format,
-    rk_uint width,
-    rk_uint height,
-    rk_uint nlevels,
-    rk_texture_flags flags,
-    void const * pixels) {
-    if (!width || !height || !pixels) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    GLint internal_format;
-    GLenum source_format;
-    GLenum source_type;
-    switch (format) {
-        case RK_TEXTURE_FORMAT_SRGB8_A8:
-            internal_format = GL_SRGB8_ALPHA8;
-            source_format = GL_RGBA;
-            source_type = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
-            break;
-        case RK_TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGBA8:
-            internal_format = GL_RGBA8;
-            source_format = GL_RGBA;
-            source_type = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
-            break;
-        case RK_TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGB10_A2:
-            internal_format = GL_RGB10_A2;
-            source_format = GL_RGBA;
-            source_type = GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV;
-            break;
-        case RK_TEXTURE_FORMAT_32F:
-            internal_format = GL_R32F;
-            source_format = GL_RED;
-            source_type =  GL_FLOAT;
-            break;
-        default:
-            return nullptr;
-            break;
-    }
-    rk_texture * const texture = new rk_texture;
-    glGenTextures(1, &texture->texture);
-    GLenum target;
-    if (nlevels) {
-        if (flags & RK_TEXTURE_FLAG_3D) {
-            target = GL_TEXTURE_3D;
-        } else {
-            target = GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY;
-        }
-        glBindTexture(target, texture->texture);
-        //TODO: glTexStorage3D
-        glTexImage3D(target, 0, internal_format, width, height, nlevels, 0, source_format, source_type, pixels);
-    } else {
-        target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
-        glBindTexture(target, texture->texture);
-        //TODO: glTexStorage2D
-        glTexImage2D(target, 0, internal_format, width, height, 0, source_format, source_type, pixels);
-    }
-    if (flags & RK_TEXTURE_FLAG_MIPMAPS) {
-        if (flags & RK_TEXTURE_FLAG_MIN_LINEAR) {
-            glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
-        } else {
-            glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
-        }
-    } else {
-        if (flags & RK_TEXTURE_FLAG_MIN_LINEAR) {
-            glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-        } else {
-            glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
-        }
-    }
-    if (flags & RK_TEXTURE_FLAG_MAG_LINEAR) {
-        glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-    } else {
-        glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
-    }
-    glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
-    glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
-    glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_REPEAT);
-    if (flags & RK_TEXTURE_FLAG_MIPMAPS) {
-        glGenerateMipmap(target);
-    }
-    texture->nlevels = nlevels;
-    glBindTexture(target, 0);
-    return texture;
-}
-
-rk_triangles_t rk_create_triangles(
-    rk_uint nvertices,
-    rk_vec3 const * vertices) {
-    if (!nvertices || !vertices) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    rk_triangles * const triangles = new rk_triangles;
-    triangles->size = nvertices;
-    glGenVertexArrays(1, &triangles->array);
-    glBindVertexArray(triangles->array);
-    glGenBuffers(1, &triangles->vertices);
-    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, triangles->vertices);
-    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, nvertices * sizeof(rk_vec3), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
-    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
-    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
-    glBindVertexArray(0);
-    return triangles;
-}
-
-rk_vertices_t rk_create_vertices(
-    rk_vertex_format const * format,
-    rk_uint nvertices,
-    void const * _vertices,
-    rk_uint nindices,
-    rk_ushort const * indices) {
-    if (!format || !nvertices || !_vertices || !nindices || !indices) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    unsigned vertex_size = 0;
-    for (rk_vertex_format const * f = format; *f; ++f) {
-        switch (*f & RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_MASK) {
-            case RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_FLOAT:
-                vertex_size += sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                break;
-            case RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10:
-                vertex_size += sizeof(rk_int);
-                break;
-            case RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_UINT10:
-                vertex_size += sizeof(rk_uint);
-                break;
-            default:
-                rk_printf("rk_create_vertices(): invalid format.");
-                return nullptr;
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (!vertex_size) {
-        rk_printf("rk_create_vertices(): empty format.");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    rk_vertices * const vertices = new rk_vertices;
-    glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertices->array);
-    glBindVertexArray(vertices->array);
-    glGenBuffers(1, &vertices->vertices);
-    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices->vertices);
-    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, nvertices * vertex_size, _vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
-    vertices->vertex_size = vertex_size;
-    vertices->layout = 0;
-    unsigned offset = 0;
-    for (rk_vertex_format const * f = format; *f; ++f, ++vertices->layout) {
-        glEnableVertexAttribArray(vertices->layout);
-        GLboolean const normalize = (*f & RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_NORMALIZE) != 0;
-        switch (*f & RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_MASK) {
-            case RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_FLOAT:
-                glVertexAttribFormat(vertices->layout, 3, GL_FLOAT, normalize, offset);
-                offset += sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                break;
-            case RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10:
-                glVertexAttribFormat(vertices->layout, 4, GL_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, normalize, offset);
-                offset += sizeof(rk_int);
-                break;
-            case RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_UINT10:
-                glVertexAttribFormat(vertices->layout, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, normalize, offset);
-                offset += sizeof(rk_uint);
-                break;
-        }
-        glVertexAttribBinding(vertices->layout, RK_VERTICES_BINDING);
-    }
-    glBindVertexBuffer(RK_VERTICES_BINDING, vertices->vertices, 0, vertices->vertex_size);
-    glGenBuffers(1, &vertices->indices);
-    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices->indices);
-    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, nindices * sizeof(rk_ushort), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-    glBindVertexArray(0);
-    return vertices;
-}
-
-static void rk_pack_vec3(
-    rk_pack_dst dst,
-    rk_pack_src src) {
-    *dst.vec3_ptr = *src.vec3_ptr;
-}
-
-static void rk_pack_vec3s(
-    rk_pack_dst dst,
-    rk_pack_src src) {
-    dst.vec3s_ptr->x = static_cast<rk_short>(src.vec3_ptr->x);
-    dst.vec3s_ptr->y = static_cast<rk_short>(src.vec3_ptr->y);
-    dst.vec3s_ptr->z = static_cast<rk_short>(src.vec3_ptr->z);
-}
-
-static void rk_pack_vec3s_norm(
-    rk_pack_dst dst,
-    rk_pack_src src) {
-    #define _convert(s) (static_cast<rk_short>((s) * ((s) < 0.f ? 32768.f : 32767.f)))
-    dst.vec3s_ptr->x = _convert(src.vec3_ptr->x);
-    dst.vec3s_ptr->y = _convert(src.vec3_ptr->y);
-    dst.vec3s_ptr->z = _convert(src.vec3_ptr->z);
-    #undef _convert
-}
-
-static void rk_pack_vec3_int10(
-    rk_pack_dst dst,
-    rk_pack_src src) {
-    #define _convert(s) (static_cast<rk_int>((s) * ((s) < 0.f ? 512.f : 511.f)) & 1023)
-    *dst.int_ptr = _convert(src.vec3_ptr->x) | (_convert(src.vec3_ptr->y) << 10) | (_convert(src.vec3_ptr->z) << 20);
-    #undef _convert
-}
-
-//TODO: multiple batches per vertices
-rk_batch_t rk_create_batch(
-    rk_vertices_t _vertices,
-    rk_uint max_size,
-    rk_param_format const * params_format) {
-    rk_vertices const * const vertices = reinterpret_cast<rk_vertices const *>(_vertices);
-    if (!vertices || !max_size || !params_format || max_size > RK_BATCH_MAX_SIZE) {
-        rk_printf("rk_create_batch(): invalid parameters.");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    unsigned nparams = 0;
-    unsigned params_size = 0;
-    unsigned packed_size = 0;
-    for (rk_param_format const * f = params_format; *f; ++f, ++nparams) {
-        switch (*f & RK_PARAM_FORMAT_MASK) {
-            case RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_FLOAT:
-                params_size += sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                packed_size += sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                break;
-            case RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_SHORT:
-                params_size += sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                packed_size += sizeof(rk_vec3s);
-                break;
-            case RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10:
-                params_size += sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                packed_size += sizeof(rk_int);
-                break;
-            default:
-                rk_printf("rk_create_batch(): invalid param format.");
-                return nullptr;
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-    rk_batch * batch = new rk_batch;
-    batch->size = max_size;
-    batch->nparams = nparams;
-    batch->params_size = params_size;
-    batch->packed_size = packed_size;
-    batch->indices = new rk_ushort[max_size];
-    batch->commands = new rk_command[max_size * sizeof(rk_command)];
-    if (nparams) {
-        batch->packers = new rk_packer[nparams];
-        batch->params = new rk_ubyte[max_size * packed_size];
-        glGenBuffers(1, &batch->params_buffer);
-        unsigned layout = vertices->layout;
-        rk_packer * packer = batch->packers;
-        unsigned offset = 0;
-        glBindVertexArray(vertices->array);
-        for (rk_param_format const * f = params_format; *f; ++f, ++layout, ++packer) {
-            GLboolean const normalize = (*f & RK_PARAM_FORMAT_NORMALIZE) != 0;
-            glEnableVertexAttribArray(layout);
-            switch (*f & RK_PARAM_FORMAT_MASK) {
-                case RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_FLOAT:
-                    glVertexAttribFormat(layout, 3, GL_FLOAT, normalize, offset);
-                    packer->pack = rk_pack_vec3;
-                    packer->dst_incr = sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                    packer->src_incr = sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                    break;
-                case RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_SHORT:
-                    glVertexAttribFormat(layout, 3, GL_SHORT, normalize, offset);
-                    if (normalize) {
-                        packer->pack = rk_pack_vec3s_norm;
-                    } else {
-                        packer->pack = rk_pack_vec3s;
-                    }
-                    packer->dst_incr = sizeof(rk_vec3s);
-                    packer->src_incr = sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                    break;
-                case RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10:
-                    glVertexAttribFormat(layout, 4, GL_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, normalize, offset);
-                    packer->pack = rk_pack_vec3_int10;
-                    packer->dst_incr = sizeof(rk_int);
-                    packer->src_incr = sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                    break;
-            }
-            offset += packer->dst_incr;
-            glVertexAttribBinding(layout, RK_PARAMS_BINDING);
-        }
-        glVertexBindingDivisor(RK_PARAMS_BINDING, 1);
-        glBindVertexBuffer(RK_PARAMS_BINDING, batch->params_buffer, 0, batch->packed_size);
-        glBindVertexArray(0);
-    }
-    if (rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect) {
-        glGenBuffers(1, &batch->commands_buffer);
-    }
-    return batch;
-}
-
-void rk_begin_frame() {
-    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
-}
-
-void rk_select_shader(
-    rk_shader_t _shader) {
-    rk_shader * const shader = reinterpret_cast<rk_shader *>(_shader);
-    if (shader) {
-        rk_current_shader = shader;
-        glUseProgram(shader->program);
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_set_input_float(
-    rk_input_t _input,
-    float value) {
-    GLint const input = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(_input) - 1;
-    if (rk_current_shader && input > -1) {
-        glUniform1f(input, value);
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_set_input_vec3(
-    rk_input_t _input,
-    rk_vec3 const & value) {
-    GLint const input = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(_input) - 1;
-    if (rk_current_shader && input > -1) {
-        glUniform3fv(input, 1, glm::value_ptr(value));
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_set_input_mat3(
-    rk_input_t _input,
-    rk_mat3 const & value) {
-    GLint const input = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(_input) - 1;
-    if (rk_current_shader && input > -1) {
-        glUniformMatrix3fv(input, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(value));
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_set_input_mat4(
-    rk_input_t _input,
-    rk_mat4 const & value) {
-    GLint const input = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(_input) - 1;
-    if (rk_current_shader && input > -1) {
-        glUniformMatrix4fv(input, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(value));
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_set_param_vec3(
-    rk_param_t _param,
-    rk_vec3 const & value) {
-    GLint const param = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(_param) - 1;
-    if (rk_current_shader && param > -1) {
-        glVertexAttrib3fv(param, glm::value_ptr(value));
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_select_texture(
-    rk_uint slot,
-    rk_texture_t _texture,
-    rk_input_t _sampler) {
-    rk_texture const * const texture = reinterpret_cast<rk_texture const *>(_texture);
-    GLint const sampler = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(_sampler) - 1;
-    if (texture && sampler > -1 && rk_current_shader) {
-        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + slot);
-        if (texture->nlevels) {
-            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, texture->texture);
-        } else {
-            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->texture);
-        }
-        glUniform1i(sampler, slot);
-    }
-}
-
-RK_EXPORT void rk_draw_triangles(
-    rk_triangles_t _triangles) {
-    rk_triangles const * const triangles = reinterpret_cast<rk_triangles const *>(_triangles);
-    if (triangles && rk_current_shader && !rk_current_vertices) {
-        glBindVertexArray(triangles->array);
-        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, triangles->size);
-        glBindVertexArray(0);
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_select_vertices(
-    rk_vertices_t _vertices) {
-    rk_vertices * const vertices = reinterpret_cast<rk_vertices *>(_vertices);
-    if (vertices) {
-        glBindVertexArray(vertices->array);
-        rk_current_vertices = vertices;
-    }
-}
-
-static unsigned rk_batch_filter(
-    rk_batch & batch,
-    unsigned const size,
-    rk_instance_flags const * flags) {
-    rk_ushort * indices = batch.indices;
-    for (unsigned index = 0; index < size; ++index, ++flags) {
-        if ((*flags & RK_INSTANCE_FLAGS_SPAWNED_VISIBLE) == RK_INSTANCE_FLAGS_SPAWNED_VISIBLE) {
-            *indices++ = static_cast<rk_ushort>(index);
-        }
-    }
-    return indices - batch.indices;
-}
-
-static unsigned rk_batch_build_commands(
-    rk_batch & batch,
-    unsigned const ninstances,
-    rk_mesh const * const meshes) {
-    rk_command * commands = batch.commands;
-    rk_ushort * base = batch.indices;
-    rk_ushort * const last = batch.indices + ninstances;
-    for (rk_ushort * first = batch.indices; first < last; base = first, ++commands) {
-        rk_mesh const & mesh = meshes[*first++];
-        for ( ; first < last && meshes[*first].packed == mesh.packed; ++first) {
-        }
-        for (rk_ushort * second = first; second < last; ++second) {
-            unsigned const index = *second;
-            if (meshes[index].packed == mesh.packed) {
-                *second = *first;
-                *first++ = static_cast<rk_ushort>(index);
-            }
-        }
-        commands->nvertices = static_cast<GLuint>(mesh.ntriangles) * 3;
-        commands->ninstances = first - base;
-        commands->base_index = mesh.base_index;
-        commands->base_vertex = 0;
-        commands->base_instance = base - batch.indices;
-    }
-    return commands - batch.commands;
-}
-
-static void rk_batch_pack(
-    rk_batch & batch,
-    unsigned const ninstances,
-    rk_ubyte const * const params) {
-    rk_pack_dst dst(batch.params);
-    rk_ushort const * const last_index = batch.indices + ninstances;
-    rk_packer const * const last_packer = batch.packers + batch.nparams;
-    for (rk_ushort const * index = batch.indices; index < last_index; ++index) {
-        rk_pack_src src(&params[batch.params_size * (*index)]);
-        for (rk_packer const * packer = batch.packers; packer < last_packer; ++packer) {
-            packer->pack(dst, src);
-            dst.ptr += packer->dst_incr;
-            src.ptr += packer->src_incr;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_draw_batch(
-    rk_batch_t _batch,
-    rk_uint size,
-    rk_instance_flags const * flags,
-    rk_mesh const * meshes,
-    rk_ubyte const * params) {
-    rk_batch & batch = *reinterpret_cast<rk_batch *>(_batch);
-    if (!size || size > batch.size || !flags || !meshes || !rk_current_shader || !rk_current_vertices) {
-        return;
-    }
-    unsigned const ninstances = rk_batch_filter(batch, size, flags);
-    if (!ninstances) {
-        return;
-    }
-    unsigned const ncommands = rk_batch_build_commands(batch, ninstances, meshes);
-    if (rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect) {
-        glBindBuffer(GL_DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER, batch.commands_buffer);
-        glBufferData(GL_DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER, ncommands * sizeof(rk_command), batch.commands, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
-    }
-    if (batch.nparams) {
-        rk_batch_pack(batch, ninstances, params);
-        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, batch.params_buffer);
-        glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ninstances * batch.packed_size, batch.params, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
-        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
-    }
-    if (rk_DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance) {
-        if (rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect) {
-            rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect(GL_TRIANGLES, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, nullptr, ncommands, sizeof(rk_command));
-            glBindBuffer(GL_DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER, 0);
-        } else {
-            rk_command const * const last_command = batch.commands + ncommands;
-            for (rk_command const * command = batch.commands; command < last_command; ++command) {
-                rk_DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance(
-                    GL_TRIANGLES, command->nvertices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT,
-                    reinterpret_cast<void const *>(command->base_index << 1),
-                    command->ninstances, command->base_instance);
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        unsigned params_offset = 0;
-        rk_command const * const last_command = batch.commands + ncommands;
-        for (rk_command const * command = batch.commands; command < last_command; ++command) {
-            if (batch.nparams) {
-                glBindVertexBuffer(RK_PARAMS_BINDING, batch.params_buffer, params_offset, batch.packed_size);
-                params_offset += command->ninstances * batch.packed_size;
-            }
-            glDrawElementsInstanced(
-                GL_TRIANGLES, command->nvertices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT,
-                reinterpret_cast<void const *>(command->base_index << 1),
-                command->ninstances);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_unselect_vertices(
-    rk_vertices_t _vertices) {
-    rk_current_vertices = nullptr;
-    glBindVertexArray(0);
-}
-
-void rk_unselect_texture(
-    rk_uint slot,
-    rk_texture_t _texture) {
-    rk_texture const * const texture = reinterpret_cast<rk_texture const *>(_texture);
-    if (texture) {
-        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + slot);
-        if (texture->nlevels) {
-            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
-        } else {
-            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, 0);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_unselect_shader(
-    rk_shader_t _shader) {
-    rk_current_shader = nullptr;
-    glUseProgram(0);
-}
-
-void rk_end_frame() {
-    rk_swap_buffers();
-}
-
-void rk_destroy_batch(
-    rk_batch_t _batch) {
-    rk_batch * const batch = reinterpret_cast<rk_batch *>(_batch);
-    if (batch) {
-        delete[] batch->indices;
-        delete[] batch->commands;
-        if (batch->nparams) {
-            delete[] batch->packers;
-            delete[] batch->params;
-            glDeleteBuffers(1, &batch->params_buffer);
-        }
-        if (rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect) {
-            glDeleteBuffers(1, &batch->commands_buffer);
-        }
-        delete batch;
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_destroy_triangles(
-    rk_triangles_t _triangles) {
-    rk_triangles * const triangles = reinterpret_cast<rk_triangles *>(_triangles);
-    if (triangles) {
-        glDeleteBuffers(1, &triangles->vertices);
-        glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &triangles->array);
-        delete triangles;
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_destroy_vertices(
-    rk_vertices_t _vertices) {
-    rk_vertices * const vertices = reinterpret_cast<rk_vertices *>(_vertices);
-    if (vertices) {
-        glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertices->indices);
-        glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertices->vertices);
-        glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vertices->array);
-        delete vertices;
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_destroy_texture(
-    rk_texture_t _texture) {
-    rk_texture * const texture = reinterpret_cast<rk_texture *>(_texture);
-    if (texture) {
-        glDeleteTextures(1, &texture->texture);
-        delete texture;
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_destroy_shader(
-    rk_shader_t _shader) {
-    rk_shader * const shader = reinterpret_cast<rk_shader *>(_shader);
-    if (shader) {
-        glDeleteShader(shader->vertex);
-        glDeleteShader(shader->fragment);
-        glDeleteProgram(shader->program);
-        delete shader;
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_terminate() {
-    rk_destroy_context();
-}

cpp/render.hpp

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "math.hpp"
 
-typedef rk_handle_t rk_window_t;
 typedef rk_handle_t rk_shader_t;
 typedef rk_handle_t rk_input_t;
 typedef rk_handle_t rk_param_t;
@@ -28,16 +27,18 @@ typedef rk_handle_t rk_triangles_t;
 typedef rk_handle_t rk_vertices_t;
 typedef rk_handle_t rk_batch_t;
 
-#define RK_FLAG(bit) (1 << (bit))
+typedef rk_uint rk_texture_format;
 
-enum rk_texture_format : rk_uint {
+enum : rk_texture_format {
     RK_TEXTURE_FORMAT_SRGB8_A8 = 0,
     RK_TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGBA8 = 1,
     RK_TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGB10_A2 = 2,
-    RK_TEXTURE_FORMAT_32F = 3
+    RK_TEXTURE_FORMAT_FLOAT_32 = 3
 };
 
-enum rk_texture_flags : rk_uint {
+typedef rk_uint rk_texture_flags;
+
+enum : rk_texture_flags {
     RK_TEXTURE_FLAG_3D = RK_FLAG(0),
     RK_TEXTURE_FLAG_MIPMAPS = RK_FLAG(1),
     RK_TEXTURE_FLAG_MIN_NEAREST = 0,
@@ -46,59 +47,60 @@ enum rk_texture_flags : rk_uint {
     RK_TEXTURE_FLAG_MAG_LINEAR = RK_FLAG(3),
 };
 
-enum rk_vertex_format : rk_ubyte {
+typedef rk_ubyte rk_vertex_format;
+
+enum : rk_vertex_format {
     RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_FLOAT = 1,
-    RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10 = 2,
-    RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_UINT10 = 3
+    RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_SHORT = 2,
+    RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10 = 3,
+    RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_VEC3_UINT10 = 4,
+    RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_MAT3_FLOAT = 5,
+    RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_MAT3_INT10 = 6,
+    RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_NORMALIZE = RK_FLAG(7),
+    RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_MASK = RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_NORMALIZE - 1
 };
 
-enum : rk_ubyte { RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_NORMALIZE = RK_FLAG(7) };
-enum : rk_ubyte { RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_MASK = RK_VERTEX_FORMAT_NORMALIZE - 1 };
+typedef rk_ubyte rk_instance_flags;
 
-enum rk_param_format : rk_ubyte {
-    RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_FLOAT = 1,
-    RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_SHORT = 2,
-    RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10 = 3
-};
-
-enum : rk_ubyte { RK_PARAM_FORMAT_NORMALIZE = RK_FLAG(7) };
-enum : rk_ubyte { RK_PARAM_FORMAT_MASK = RK_PARAM_FORMAT_NORMALIZE - 1 };
-
-enum rk_instance_flags : rk_ubyte {
+enum : rk_instance_flags {
     RK_INSTANCE_FLAG_SPAWNED = RK_FLAG(0),
-    RK_INSTANCE_FLAG_VISIBLE = RK_FLAG(1)
+    RK_INSTANCE_FLAG_VISIBLE = RK_FLAG(1),
+    RK_INSTANCE_FLAGS_SPAWNED_VISIBLE = RK_INSTANCE_FLAG_SPAWNED | RK_INSTANCE_FLAG_VISIBLE
 };
 
-enum : rk_ubyte { RK_INSTANCE_FLAGS_SPAWNED_VISIBLE = RK_INSTANCE_FLAG_SPAWNED | RK_INSTANCE_FLAG_VISIBLE };
-
-enum : rk_uint { RK_BATCH_MAX_SIZE = 65536 };
-
-union rk_mesh {
-    rk_uint packed;
-    struct {
-        rk_ushort base_index;
-        rk_ushort ntriangles;
-    };
+enum : rk_uint {
+    RK_BATCH_MAX_SIZE = 65536
 };
 
-RK_EXPORT rk_window_t rk_initialize(
-    char const * name,
-    rk_uint width,
-    rk_uint height);
+typedef rk_ushort rk_vertex_index;
+typedef rk_ushort rk_mesh_index;
+typedef rk_ushort rk_instance_index;
+typedef rk_uint rk_vertex_input;
+typedef rk_uint rk_vertex_output;
 
-RK_EXPORT rk_shader_t rk_load_shader(
+struct rk_mesh {
+    rk_uint base_index;
+    rk_uint ntriangles;
+};
+
+RK_EXPORT void rk_render_initialize(
+    rk_bool debug);
+
+RK_EXPORT void rk_render_terminate();
+
+RK_EXPORT rk_shader_t rk_create_shader(
     rk_uint const vert_nlines,
-    char const ** const vert_lines,
+    rk_char const * const * vert_lines,
     rk_uint const frag_nlines,
-    char const ** const frag_lines);
+    rk_char const * const * frag_lines);
 
 RK_EXPORT rk_input_t rk_resolve_input(
     rk_shader_t shader,
-    char const * name);
+    rk_char const * name);
 
 RK_EXPORT rk_param_t rk_resolve_param(
     rk_shader_t shader,
-    char const * name);
+    rk_char const * name);
 
 RK_EXPORT rk_texture_t rk_create_texture(
     rk_texture_format format,
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@ RK_EXPORT rk_texture_t rk_create_texture(
     rk_uint height,
     rk_uint nlevels,
     rk_texture_flags flags,
-    void const * pixels);
+    rk_ubyte const * pixels);
 
 RK_EXPORT rk_triangles_t rk_create_triangles(
     rk_uint nvertices,
@@ -115,16 +117,28 @@ RK_EXPORT rk_triangles_t rk_create_triangles(
 RK_EXPORT rk_vertices_t rk_create_vertices(
     rk_vertex_format const * format,
     rk_uint nvertices,
-    void const * vertices,
+    rk_ubyte const * vertices,
     rk_uint nindices,
-    rk_ushort const * indices);
+    rk_vertex_index const * indices,
+    rk_uint nmeshes,
+    rk_mesh const * meshes);
 
 RK_EXPORT rk_batch_t rk_create_batch(
     rk_vertices_t vertices,
     rk_uint max_size,
-    rk_param_format const * params_format);
+    rk_vertex_format const * params_format);
 
-RK_EXPORT void rk_begin_frame();
+RK_EXPORT void rk_fill_batch(
+    rk_batch_t batch,
+    rk_uint count,
+    rk_instance_flags const * flags,
+    rk_mesh_index const * meshes,
+    rk_vertex_input const * const * params);
+
+RK_EXPORT void rk_clear_buffer(
+    rk_bool pixels,
+    rk_bool depth,
+    rk_bool stencil);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_select_shader(
     rk_shader_t _shader);
@@ -149,26 +163,19 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_set_param_vec3(
     rk_param_t param,
     rk_vec3 const & value);
 
+RK_EXPORT void rk_set_param_mat3(
+    rk_param_t param,
+    rk_mat3 const & value);
+
 RK_EXPORT void rk_select_texture(
     rk_uint slot,
-    rk_texture_t texture,
-    rk_input_t sampler);
+    rk_texture_t texture);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_draw_triangles(
     rk_triangles_t triangles);
 
-RK_EXPORT void rk_select_vertices(
-    rk_vertices_t vertices);
-
 RK_EXPORT void rk_draw_batch(
-    rk_batch_t batch,
-    rk_uint size,
-    rk_instance_flags const * flags,
-    rk_mesh const * meshes,
-    rk_ubyte const * params);
-
-RK_EXPORT void rk_unselect_vertices(
-    rk_vertices_t vertices);
+    rk_batch_t batch);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_unselect_texture(
     rk_uint slot,
@@ -177,8 +184,6 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_unselect_texture(
 RK_EXPORT void rk_unselect_shader(
     rk_shader_t shader);
 
-RK_EXPORT void rk_end_frame();
-
 RK_EXPORT void rk_destroy_batch(
     rk_batch_t batch);
 
@@ -194,6 +199,4 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_destroy_texture(
 RK_EXPORT void rk_destroy_shader(
     rk_shader_t shader);
 
-RK_EXPORT void rk_terminate();
-
 #endif // _RK_ENGINE_RENDER_H

cpp/render/render_opengles.hpp

@@ -17,15 +17,11 @@
 #define _RK_ENGINE_RENDER_OPENGLES_H
 
 #include "../render.hpp"
-#include "render_context.hpp"
 #include <GLES3/gl32.h>
 #include <GLES3/gl3ext.h>
 #include <GLES3/gl3platform.h>
 
-enum : GLuint {
-    RK_VERTICES_BINDING = 0,
-    RK_PARAMS_BINDING = 1
-};
+static_assert(sizeof(rk_vertex_output) == 4);
 
 struct rk_shader {
     GLuint vertex;
@@ -45,44 +41,15 @@ struct rk_triangles {
 };
 
 struct rk_vertices {
-    unsigned vertex_size;
-    unsigned layout;
-    GLuint array;
-    GLuint vertices;
-    GLuint indices;
-};
-
-struct rk_vec3s {
-    rk_short x;
-    rk_short y;
-    rk_short z;
-    rk_short pad;
-};
-
-union rk_pack_src {
-    rk_ubyte const * __restrict ptr;
-    rk_vec3 const * __restrict vec3_ptr;
-
-    inline rk_pack_src() {}
-    inline rk_pack_src(rk_ubyte const * const __restrict src) : ptr(src) {}
-};
-
-union rk_pack_dst {
-    rk_ubyte * __restrict ptr;
-    rk_vec3 * __restrict vec3_ptr;
-    rk_vec3s * __restrict vec3s_ptr;
-    rk_int * __restrict int_ptr;
-
-    inline rk_pack_dst() {}
-    inline rk_pack_dst(rk_ubyte * const __restrict dst) : ptr(dst) {}
-};
-
-typedef void (*rk_packer_fn)(rk_pack_dst, rk_pack_src);
-
-struct rk_packer {
-    rk_packer_fn pack;
-    unsigned dst_incr;
-    unsigned src_incr;
+    unsigned nvertices;
+    unsigned nindices;
+    unsigned nmeshes;
+    rk_vertex_format * format;
+    rk_ubyte * vertices;
+    rk_vertex_index * indices;
+    rk_mesh * meshes;
+    GLuint vertices_buffer;
+    GLuint indices_buffer;
 };
 
 struct rk_command {
@@ -93,17 +60,53 @@ struct rk_command {
     GLuint base_instance;
 };
 
-struct rk_batch {
+typedef void (*rk_packer)(
+    unsigned const, // count
+    rk_instance_index const * const __restrict, // indices
+    rk_vertex_output * __restrict, // dst
+    rk_vertex_input const * const __restrict); // src
+
+struct rk_parameter {
+    mutable bool dirty;
+    unsigned binding;
+    unsigned offset;
+    unsigned src_size;
+    unsigned src_len;
+    unsigned dst_size;
+    unsigned dst_len;
+    rk_vertex_input * source;
+    rk_packer packer;
+};
+
+struct rk_bucket {
     unsigned size;
+    unsigned count;
+    rk_instance_index * indices;
+};
+
+enum rk_batch_state {
+    RK_BATCH_STATE_EMPTY = 0,
+    RK_BATCH_STATE_FILLED = 1,
+    RK_BATCH_STATE_SORTED = 2,
+    RK_BATCH_STATE_PACKED = 3
+};
+
+struct rk_batch {
+    mutable rk_batch_state state;
+    mutable unsigned count;
+    mutable unsigned ninstances;
+    mutable unsigned ncommands;
+    unsigned max_size;
     unsigned nparams;
-    unsigned params_size;
-    unsigned packed_size;
-    rk_ushort * indices;
+    rk_vertices const * vertices;
+    rk_instance_flags * flags;
+    rk_mesh_index * meshes;
+    rk_instance_index * indices;
     rk_command * commands;
-    rk_packer * packers;
-    rk_ubyte * params;
-    GLuint params_buffer;
+    rk_parameter * params;
+    GLuint vertex_array;
     GLuint commands_buffer;
+    GLuint params_buffer;
 };
 
 #endif // _RK_ENGINE_RENDER_OPENGLES_H

cpp/types.hpp

@@ -18,11 +18,19 @@
 
 #include <cstdbool>
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <cstddef>
 
 #define RK_EXPORT extern "C"
+#define RK_HOT gnu::hot
+#define RK_FLATTEN gnu::flatten
+#define RK_UNROLLED gnu::optimize("unroll-loops")
+#define RK_FAST gnu::optimize("Ofast")
+#define RK_INVALID_HANDLE nullptr
+#define RK_FLAG(_bit) (1 << (_bit))
 
-typedef void * rk_handle_t;
+typedef bool rk_bool;
+typedef char rk_char;
+typedef wchar_t rk_wchar;
+typedef int8_t rk_byte;
 typedef uint8_t rk_ubyte;
 typedef int16_t rk_short;
 typedef uint16_t rk_ushort;
@@ -30,5 +38,33 @@ typedef int32_t rk_int;
 typedef uint32_t rk_uint;
 typedef int64_t rk_long;
 typedef uint64_t rk_ulong;
+typedef __int128 rk_llong;
+typedef unsigned __int128 rk_ullong;
+typedef float rk_float;
+typedef void * rk_handle_t;
+
+static_assert(sizeof(rk_char) == 1);
+static_assert(sizeof(rk_wchar) == 4);
+static_assert(sizeof(rk_float) == 4);
+
+#pragma pack(push, 4)
+
+template<bool _signed, unsigned _cols>
+struct rk_packed {
+};
+
+template<unsigned _cols>
+struct alignas(alignof(rk_int)) rk_packed<true, _cols> {
+    typedef rk_int type;
+    rk_int packed;
+};
+
+template<unsigned _cols>
+struct alignas(alignof(rk_uint)) rk_packed<false, _cols> {
+    typedef rk_uint type;
+    rk_uint packed;
+};
+
+#pragma pack(pop)
 
 #endif // _RK_ENGINE_TYPES_H

cpp/utils/cmp_memcpy.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 RozK
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef RK_ENGINE_CMP_MEMCPY_H
+#define RK_ENGINE_CMP_MEMCPY_H
+
+#include "../types.hpp"
+
+template<typename _small>
+[[RK_FAST]]
+inline bool _rk_cmp_memcpy_small(
+    _small * __restrict dst,
+    _small const * __restrict src,
+    unsigned count) {
+    _small cmp = 0;
+    do {
+        cmp |= *dst ^ *src;
+        *dst++ = *src++;
+    } while(--count > 0);
+    return (cmp != 0);
+}
+
+template<typename _big, typename _small>
+[[RK_FAST, RK_FLATTEN]]
+inline bool _rk_cmp_memcpy_big(
+    _small * const __restrict _dst,
+    _small const * const __restrict _src,
+    unsigned const _count) {
+    unsigned const ratio = sizeof(_big) / sizeof(_small);
+    unsigned big_count = _count / ratio;
+    unsigned const small_count = _count % ratio;
+    _big * dst = reinterpret_cast<_big *>(_dst);
+    _big const * src = reinterpret_cast<_big const *>(_src);
+    _big cmp = 0;
+    do {
+        cmp |= *dst ^ *src;
+        *dst++ = *src++;
+    } while(--big_count > 0);
+    bool modified = (cmp != 0);
+    if (small_count) {
+        modified |= _rk_cmp_memcpy_small<_small>(
+            reinterpret_cast<_small *>(dst), reinterpret_cast<_small const *>(src), small_count);
+    }
+    return modified;
+}
+
+#ifdef RK_CMP_MEMCPY_UNALIGNED
+#define _rk_count_and_alignment(_t) (count >= (sizeof(_t) / sizeof(_small)))
+#else
+#define _rk_count_and_alignment(_t) ((count >= (sizeof(_t) / sizeof(_small))) && !(alignment % sizeof(_t)))
+#endif
+
+template<typename _small>
+[[RK_HOT, RK_FAST, RK_FLATTEN]]
+bool rk_cmp_memcpy(
+    _small * const __restrict _dst,
+    _small const * const __restrict _src,
+    unsigned const count) {
+#ifndef RK_CMP_MEMCPY_UNALIGNED
+    unsigned const alignment = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(_dst) | reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t const>(_src);
+#endif
+    if (sizeof(_small) < sizeof(rk_ullong)) {
+        if (_rk_count_and_alignment(rk_ullong)) {
+            return _rk_cmp_memcpy_big<rk_ullong, _small>(_dst, _src, count);
+        }
+    }
+    if (sizeof(_small) < sizeof(rk_ulong)) {
+        if (_rk_count_and_alignment(rk_ulong)) {
+            return _rk_cmp_memcpy_big<rk_ulong, _small>(_dst, _src, count);
+        }
+    }
+    if (sizeof(_small) < sizeof(rk_uint)) {
+        if (_rk_count_and_alignment(rk_uint)) {
+            return _rk_cmp_memcpy_big<rk_uint, _small>(_dst, _src, count);
+        }
+    }
+    if (sizeof(_small) < sizeof(rk_ushort)) {
+        if (_rk_count_and_alignment(rk_ushort)) {
+            return _rk_cmp_memcpy_big<rk_ushort, _small>(_dst, _src, count);
+        }
+    }
+    if (count) {
+        return _rk_cmp_memcpy_small<_small>(_dst, _src, count);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+#undef _rk_count_and_alignment
+
+#endif // RK_ENGINE_CMP_MEMCPY_H

cpp/utils/vertex_format.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 RozK
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef RK_ENGINE_VERTEX_FORMAT_H
+#define RK_ENGINE_VERTEX_FORMAT_H
+
+#include "../render.hpp"
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace rk_vertex {
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+
+template<typename _type>
+struct alignas(alignof(_type)) rk_input {
+    _type input;
+};
+
+template<typename _type, typename _input, bool _signed, bool _normalized>
+struct alignas(alignof(_type)) rk_output {
+    _type output;
+
+    [[RK_FAST]]
+    inline void convert(
+        rk_input<_input> const & __restrict src) {
+        output = static_cast<_type>(src.input);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename _type, bool _signed>
+struct alignas(alignof(_type)) rk_output<_type, rk_float, _signed, true> {
+    _type output;
+
+    [[RK_FAST]]
+    inline void convert(
+        rk_input<rk_float> const & __restrict src) {
+        enum : _type { max = std::numeric_limits<_type>::max() };
+        output = static_cast<_type>(src.input * static_cast<float>(max));
+    }
+};
+
+#pragma pack(4)
+
+template<typename _input, unsigned _cols>
+struct alignas(4) rk_input_row {
+    rk_input<_input> input_col[_cols];
+};
+
+template<typename _output, typename _input, unsigned _cols, bool _signed, bool _normalized>
+struct alignas(4) rk_output_row {
+    rk_output<_output, _input, _signed, _normalized> output_col[_cols];
+
+    [[RK_FAST, RK_FLATTEN, RK_UNROLLED]]
+    inline void convert(
+        rk_input_row<_input, _cols> const & __restrict src) {
+        for (unsigned col = 0; col < _cols; ++col) {
+            output_col[col].convert(src.input_col[col]);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename _output, unsigned _cols, bool _signed, bool _normalized>
+struct alignas(4) rk_output_row<_output, _output, _cols, _signed, _normalized> {
+    rk_output<_output, _output, _signed, _normalized> output_col[_cols];
+
+    [[RK_FAST]]
+    inline void convert(
+        rk_input_row<_output, _cols> const & __restrict src) {
+        static_assert(sizeof(output_col) == sizeof(src.input_col));
+        rk_output<_output, _output, _signed, _normalized> const * const input_col =
+            reinterpret_cast<rk_output<_output, _output, _signed, _normalized> const *>(src.input_col);
+        *output_col = *input_col;
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename _input, unsigned _cols, bool _signed, bool _normalized>
+struct alignas(4) rk_output_row<rk_packed<_signed, _cols>, _input, _cols, _signed, _normalized> {
+    rk_output<rk_packed<_signed, _cols>, _input, _signed, _normalized> output_cols;
+
+    [[RK_FAST, RK_FLATTEN]]
+    inline void convert(
+        rk_input_row<_input, _cols> const & __restrict src) {
+        output_cols.convert(src);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename _input, unsigned _cols, unsigned _rows>
+struct alignas(4) rk_input_format {
+    rk_input_row<_input, _cols> input_row[_rows];
+};
+
+template<typename _output, typename _input, unsigned _cols, unsigned _rows, bool _signed, bool _normalized>
+struct alignas(4) rk_output_format {
+    rk_output_row<_output, _input, _cols, _signed, _normalized> output_row[_rows];
+
+    [[RK_FAST, RK_FLATTEN, RK_UNROLLED]]
+    inline void convert(
+        rk_input_format<_input, _cols, _rows> const & __restrict src) {
+        for (unsigned row = 0; row < _rows; ++row) {
+            output_row[row].convert(src.input_row[row]);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename _output, unsigned _cols, unsigned _rows, bool _signed, bool _normalized>
+struct alignas(4) rk_output_format<_output, _output, _cols, _rows, _signed, _normalized> {
+    rk_output_row<_output, _output, _cols, _signed, _normalized> output_row[_rows];
+
+    [[RK_FAST]]
+    inline void convert(
+        rk_input_format<_output, _cols, _rows> const & __restrict src) {
+        static_assert(sizeof(output_row) == sizeof(src.input_row));
+        rk_output_row<_output, _output, _cols, _signed, _normalized> const * const input_row =
+            reinterpret_cast<rk_output_row<_output, _output, _cols, _signed, _normalized> const *>(src.input_row);
+        *output_row = *input_row;
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename _input, bool _signed, bool _normalized>
+struct alignas(alignof(rk_packed<_signed, 3>)) rk_output<rk_packed<_signed, 3>, _input, _signed, _normalized> {
+    rk_packed<_signed, 3> output;
+
+    [[RK_FAST]]
+    inline void convert(
+        rk_input_row<_input, 3> const & __restrict src) {
+        typedef typename rk_packed<_signed, 3>::type packed_type;
+        output.packed =
+            ((static_cast<packed_type>(src.input_col[0].input) & 1023)) |
+            ((static_cast<packed_type>(src.input_col[1].input) & 1023) << 10) |
+            ((static_cast<packed_type>(src.input_col[2].input) & 1023) << 20);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename _input, bool _signed, bool _normalized>
+struct alignas(alignof(rk_packed<_signed, 4>)) rk_output<rk_packed<_signed, 4>, _input, _signed, _normalized> {
+    rk_packed<_signed, 4> output;
+
+    [[RK_FAST]]
+    inline void convert(
+        rk_input_row<_input, 4> const & __restrict src) {
+        typedef typename rk_packed<_signed, 4>::type packed_type;
+        output.packed =
+            ((static_cast<packed_type>(src.input_col[0].input) & 1023)) |
+            ((static_cast<packed_type>(src.input_col[1].input) & 1023) << 10) |
+            ((static_cast<packed_type>(src.input_col[2].input) & 1023) << 20) |
+            ((static_cast<packed_type>(src.input_col[3].input) &    3) << 30);
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct alignas(alignof(rk_packed<true, 3>)) rk_output<rk_packed<true, 3>, rk_float, true, true> {
+    rk_packed<true, 3> output;
+
+    [[RK_FAST]]
+    inline void convert(
+        rk_input_row<rk_float, 3> const & __restrict src) {
+        output.packed =
+            ((static_cast<rk_int>(src.input_col[0].input * 511.f) & 1023)) |
+            ((static_cast<rk_int>(src.input_col[1].input * 511.f) & 1023) << 10) |
+            ((static_cast<rk_int>(src.input_col[2].input * 511.f) & 1023) << 20);
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct alignas(alignof(rk_packed<true, 4>)) rk_output<rk_packed<true, 4>, rk_float, true, true> {
+    rk_packed<true, 4> output;
+
+    [[RK_FAST]]
+    inline void convert(
+        rk_input_row<rk_float, 4> const & __restrict src) {
+        output.packed =
+            ((static_cast<rk_uint>(src.input_col[0].input * 511.f) & 1023)) |
+            ((static_cast<rk_uint>(src.input_col[1].input * 511.f) & 1023) << 10) |
+            ((static_cast<rk_uint>(src.input_col[2].input * 511.f) & 1023) << 20) |
+            ((static_cast<rk_uint>(src.input_col[3].input)         &    3) << 30);
+    }
+};
+
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+template<typename _output, typename _input, unsigned _cols, unsigned _rows, bool _signed, bool _normalized>
+struct rk_format {
+    typedef rk_input<_input> input;
+    typedef rk_output<_output, input, _signed, _normalized> output;
+
+    typedef rk_input_row<_input, _cols> input_row;
+    typedef rk_output_row<_output, _input, _cols, _signed, _normalized> output_row;
+
+    typedef rk_input_format<_input, _cols, _rows> input_format;
+    typedef rk_output_format<_output, _input, _cols, _rows, _signed, _normalized> output_format;
+
+    static_assert(sizeof(input) == sizeof(_input));
+    static_assert(sizeof(output) == sizeof(_output));
+    static_assert((sizeof(input_row) % sizeof(rk_vertex_input)) == 0);
+    static_assert((sizeof(output_row) % sizeof(rk_vertex_output)) == 0);
+    static_assert((sizeof(input_format) % sizeof(rk_vertex_input)) == 0);
+    static_assert((sizeof(output_format) % sizeof(rk_vertex_output)) == 0);
+
+    static unsigned get_input_size() {
+        return sizeof(input_format);
+    }
+
+    static unsigned get_output_size() {
+        return sizeof(output_format);
+    }
+
+    static unsigned get_output_offset(unsigned const index) {
+        return index * sizeof(output_row);
+    }
+
+    [[RK_FAST, RK_FLATTEN]]
+    inline static void convert(
+        output_format & __restrict dst,
+        input_format const & __restrict src) {
+        dst.convert(src);
+    }
+
+    [[RK_HOT, RK_FAST, RK_FLATTEN]]
+    static void param_packer(
+        unsigned const count,
+        rk_instance_index const * const __restrict indices,
+        rk_vertex_output * __restrict _dst,
+        rk_vertex_input const * const __restrict _src) {
+        rk_instance_index const * const last_index = indices + count;
+        output_format * __restrict dst = reinterpret_cast<output_format *>(_dst);
+        input_format const * const __restrict src = reinterpret_cast<input_format const *>(_src);
+        for (rk_instance_index const * __restrict index = indices; index < last_index; ++index, ++dst) {
+            dst->convert(src[*index]);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+} // namepace rk_vertex
+
+typedef rk_vertex::rk_format<rk_float,            rk_float, 3, 1, true,  false> rk_vec3_float;
+typedef rk_vertex::rk_format<rk_short,            rk_float, 3, 1, true,  false> rk_vec3_short;
+typedef rk_vertex::rk_format<rk_short,            rk_float, 3, 1, true,  true>  rk_vec3_short_norm;
+typedef rk_vertex::rk_format<rk_packed<true,  3>, rk_float, 3, 1, true,  false> rk_vec3_int10;
+typedef rk_vertex::rk_format<rk_packed<true,  3>, rk_float, 3, 1, true,  true>  rk_vec3_int10_norm;
+typedef rk_vertex::rk_format<rk_packed<false, 3>, rk_float, 3, 1, false, false> rk_vec3_uint10;
+typedef rk_vertex::rk_format<rk_packed<false, 3>, rk_float, 3, 1, false, true>  rk_vec3_uint10_norm;
+typedef rk_vertex::rk_format<rk_float,            rk_float, 3, 3, true,  false> rk_mat3_float;
+typedef rk_vertex::rk_format<rk_packed<true,  3>, rk_float, 3, 3, true,  false> rk_mat3_int10;
+typedef rk_vertex::rk_format<rk_packed<true,  3>, rk_float, 3, 3, true,  true>  rk_mat3_int10_norm;
+
+#endif // RK_ENGINE_VERTEX_FORMAT_H