Split batch fill and batch draw.

__init__.py

@@ -444,15 +444,20 @@ draw_triangles.restype = None
 draw_triangles.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p,) # triangles
 
-draw_batch = _engine.rk_draw_batch
+fill_batch = _engine.rk_fill_batch
-draw_batch.restype = None
+fill_batch.restype = None
-draw_batch.argtypes = (
+fill_batch.argtypes = (
     ctypes.c_void_p, # batch
     ctypes.c_uint, # count
     ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ubyte), # flags
     ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint), # meshes
     ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p)) # params
 
+draw_batch = _engine.rk_draw_batch
+draw_batch.restype = None
+draw_batch.argtypes = (
+    ctypes.c_void_p,) # batch
+
 unselect_texture = _engine.rk_unselect_texture
 unselect_texture.restype = None
 unselect_texture.argtypes = (

cpp/math.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ void rk_vec3_rotate(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & vec3,
     rk_vec3 const & axis,
-    float const angle) {
+    rk_float const angle) {
     ret = glm::angleAxis(angle, axis) * vec3;
 }
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ void rk_vec3_mul_vec3(
 void rk_mat3_rotation(
     rk_mat3 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & axis,
-    float const angle) {
+    rk_float const angle) {
     ret = glm::mat3_cast(glm::angleAxis(angle, axis));
 }
 
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ void rk_mat3_mul_mat3(
 
 void rk_mat4_projection(
     rk_mat4 & ret,
-    float hfov,
+    rk_float hfov,
-    float ratio,
+    rk_float ratio,
-    float near,
+    rk_float near,
-    float far) {
+    rk_float far) {
     ret = glm::perspectiveRH(hfov, ratio, near, far);
 }
 
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ void rk_mat4_lookat(
 void rk_mat4_orbit(
     rk_mat4 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & origin,
-    float const yaw,
+    rk_float const yaw,
-    float const pitch,
+    rk_float const pitch,
-    float const distance) {
+    rk_float const distance) {
     ret = glm::translate(
         glm::lookAtRH(glm::vec3(0.f, -distance, 0.f), vec3_origin, vec3_up) *
             glm::mat4(glm::angleAxis(pitch, vec3_right) * glm::angleAxis(yaw, vec3_up)),
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ void rk_mat4_mul_vec3(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
     rk_mat4 const & a,
     rk_vec3 const & b,
-    float const w) {
+    rk_float const w) {
     ret = glm::vec3(a * glm::vec4(b, w));
 }
 

cpp/math.hpp

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_vec3_rotate(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & vec3,
     rk_vec3 const & axis,
-    float const angle);
+    rk_float const angle);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_vec3_mul_vec3(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_vec3_mul_vec3(
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat3_rotation(
     rk_mat3 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & axis,
-    float const angle);
+    rk_float const angle);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat3_mul_vec3(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_mat3_mul_mat3(
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat4_projection(
     rk_mat4 & ret,
-    float hfov,
+    rk_float hfov,
-    float ratio,
+    rk_float ratio,
-    float near,
+    rk_float near,
-    float far);
+    rk_float far);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat4_lookat(
     rk_mat4 & ret,
@@ -72,15 +72,15 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_mat4_lookat(
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat4_orbit(
     rk_mat4 & ret,
     rk_vec3 const & origin,
-    float const yaw,
+    rk_float const yaw,
-    float const pitch,
+    rk_float const pitch,
-    float const distance);
+    rk_float const distance);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat4_mul_vec3(
     rk_vec3 & ret,
     rk_mat4 const & a,
     rk_vec3 const & b,
-    float const w);
+    rk_float const w);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_mat4_mul_vec4(
     rk_vec4 & ret,

cpp/render.hpp

@@ -87,17 +87,17 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_render_terminate();
 
 RK_EXPORT rk_shader_t rk_create_shader(
     rk_uint const vert_nlines,
-    char const ** const vert_lines,
+    rk_char const * const * vert_lines,
     rk_uint const frag_nlines,
-    char const ** const frag_lines);
+    rk_char const * const * frag_lines);
 
 RK_EXPORT rk_input_t rk_resolve_input(
     rk_shader_t shader,
-    char const * name);
+    rk_char const * name);
 
 RK_EXPORT rk_param_t rk_resolve_param(
     rk_shader_t shader,
-    char const * name);
+    rk_char const * name);
 
 RK_EXPORT rk_texture_t rk_create_texture(
     rk_texture_format format,
@@ -163,12 +163,15 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_select_texture(
 RK_EXPORT void rk_draw_triangles(
     rk_triangles_t triangles);
 
-RK_EXPORT void rk_draw_batch(
+RK_EXPORT void rk_fill_batch(
     rk_batch_t batch,
-    rk_uint size,
+    rk_uint count,
     rk_instance_flags const * flags,
     rk_mesh const * meshes,
-    rk_ubyte const ** params);
+    rk_ubyte const * const * params);
+
+RK_EXPORT void rk_draw_batch(
+    rk_batch_t batch);
 
 RK_EXPORT void rk_unselect_texture(
     rk_uint slot,

cpp/render/render_opengles.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "render_opengles.hpp"
 #include "../display/display_glx.hpp"
 #include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
 
 typedef void (*rk_DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstanceFunc)(rk_uint, rk_uint, rk_uint, const void *, rk_uint, rk_uint);
 typedef void (*rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirectFunc)(rk_uint, rk_uint, const void *, rk_uint, rk_uint);
@@ -114,9 +115,9 @@ static void rk_print_program_infolog(GLuint program) {
 
 rk_shader_t rk_create_shader(
     rk_uint const vert_nlines,
-    char const ** const vert_lines,
+    rk_char const * const * vert_lines,
     rk_uint const frag_nlines,
-    char const ** const frag_lines) {
+    rk_char const * const * const frag_lines) {
     if (!vert_nlines || !vert_lines || !frag_nlines || !frag_lines) {
         rk_printf("rk_load_shader(): invalid params.");
         return RK_INVALID_HANDLE;
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ rk_shader_t rk_create_shader(
 
 rk_input_t rk_resolve_input(
     rk_shader_t _shader,
-    char const * name) {
+    rk_char const * name) {
     rk_shader const * const shader = reinterpret_cast<rk_shader const *>(_shader);
     if (!shader || !name) {
         rk_printf("rk_resolve_input(): invalid params.");
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ rk_input_t rk_resolve_input(
 
 rk_param_t rk_resolve_param(
     rk_shader_t _shader,
-    char const * name) {
+    rk_char const * name) {
     rk_shader const * const shader = reinterpret_cast<rk_shader const *>(_shader);
     if (!shader || !name) {
         rk_printf("rk_resolve_param(): invalid params.");
@@ -536,12 +537,22 @@ rk_batch_t rk_create_batch(
         }
     }
     rk_batch * batch = new rk_batch;
+    batch->state = RK_BATCH_STATE_EMPTY;
+    batch->count = 0;
+    batch->ncommands = 0;
+    batch->ninstances = 0;
     batch->max_size = max_size;
     batch->max_meshes = max_meshes;
     batch->nparams = nparams;
+    batch->flags = new rk_instance_flags[max_size];
+    batch->meshes = new rk_mesh[max_size];
     batch->indices = new rk_ushort[max_size];
     batch->commands = new rk_command[max_meshes];
-    batch->params = new rk_parameter[nparams];
+    if (nparams) {
+        batch->params = new rk_parameter[nparams];
+    } else {
+        batch->params = nullptr;
+    }
     glGenVertexArrays(1, &batch->vertex_array);
     glBindVertexArray(batch->vertex_array);
     glGenBuffers(1, &batch->vertices_buffer);
@@ -596,49 +607,42 @@ rk_batch_t rk_create_batch(
         rk_parameter * param = batch->params;
         for (rk_param_format const * f = params_format; *f; ++f, ++param, ++binding) {
             GLboolean const norm = (*f & RK_PARAM_FORMAT_NORMALIZE) != 0;
+            param->dirty = false;
+            param->binding = binding;
+            param->offset = offset;
             switch (*f & RK_PARAM_FORMAT_MASK) {
                 case RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_FLOAT:
-                    param->binding = binding;
+                    param->src_size = sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                    param->offset = offset;
+                    param->dst_size = sizeof(rk_vec3_float);
-                    param->size = sizeof(rk_vec3_float);
                     param->packer = rk_pack_vec3_float;
-                    glBindVertexBuffer(binding, batch->params_buffer, param->offset, param->size);
+                    glBindVertexBuffer(binding, batch->params_buffer, param->offset, param->dst_size);
                     glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib);
                     glVertexAttribFormat(attrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0);
                     glVertexAttribBinding(attrib++, binding);
-                    glVertexBindingDivisor(binding, 1);
-                    offset += max_size * param->size;
                     break;
                 case RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_SHORT:
-                    param->binding = binding;
+                    param->src_size = sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                    param->offset = offset;
+                    param->dst_size = sizeof(rk_vec3_short);
-                    param->size = sizeof(rk_vec3_short);
                     param->packer = norm ? rk_pack_vec3_short_norm : rk_pack_vec3_short;
-                    glBindVertexBuffer(binding, batch->params_buffer, param->offset, param->size);
+                    glBindVertexBuffer(binding, batch->params_buffer, param->offset, param->dst_size);
                     glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib);
                     glVertexAttribFormat(attrib, 3, GL_SHORT, norm, 0);
                     glVertexAttribBinding(attrib++, binding);
-                    glVertexBindingDivisor(binding, 1);
-                    offset += max_size * param->size;
                     break;
                 case RK_PARAM_FORMAT_VEC3_INT10:
-                    param->binding = binding;
+                    param->src_size = sizeof(rk_vec3);
-                    param->offset = offset;
+                    param->dst_size = sizeof(rk_vec3_int10);
-                    param->size = sizeof(rk_vec3_int10);
                     param->packer = norm ? rk_pack_vec3_int10_norm : rk_pack_vec3_int10;
-                    glBindVertexBuffer(binding, batch->params_buffer, param->offset, param->size);
+                    glBindVertexBuffer(binding, batch->params_buffer, param->offset, param->dst_size);
                     glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib);
                     glVertexAttribFormat(attrib, 4, GL_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, norm, 0);
                     glVertexAttribBinding(attrib++, binding);
-                    glVertexBindingDivisor(binding, 1);
-                    offset += max_size * param->size;
                     break;
                 case RK_PARAM_FORMAT_MAT3_FLOAT:
-                    param->binding = binding;
+                    param->src_size = sizeof(rk_mat3);
-                    param->offset = offset;
+                    param->dst_size = sizeof(rk_mat3_float);
-                    param->size = sizeof(rk_mat3_float);
                     param->packer = rk_pack_mat3_float;
-                    glBindVertexBuffer(binding, batch->params_buffer, param->offset, param->size);
+                    glBindVertexBuffer(binding, batch->params_buffer, param->offset, param->dst_size);
                     glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib);
                     glVertexAttribFormat(attrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, offsetof(rk_mat3_float, x));
                     glVertexAttribBinding(attrib++, binding);
@@ -648,15 +652,12 @@ rk_batch_t rk_create_batch(
                     glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib);
                     glVertexAttribFormat(attrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, offsetof(rk_mat3_float, z));
                     glVertexAttribBinding(attrib++, binding);
-                    glVertexBindingDivisor(binding, 1);
-                    offset += max_size * param->size;
                     break;
                 case RK_PARAM_FORMAT_MAT3_INT10:
-                    param->binding = binding;
+                    param->src_size = sizeof(rk_mat3);
-                    param->offset = offset;
+                    param->dst_size = sizeof(rk_mat3_int10);
-                    param->size = sizeof(rk_mat3_int10);
                     param->packer = norm ? rk_pack_mat3_int10_norm : rk_pack_mat3_int10;
-                    glBindVertexBuffer(binding, batch->params_buffer, param->offset, param->size);
+                    glBindVertexBuffer(binding, batch->params_buffer, param->offset, param->dst_size);
                     glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib);
                     glVertexAttribFormat(attrib, 4, GL_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, norm, offsetof(rk_mat3_int10, x));
                     glVertexAttribBinding(attrib++, binding);
@@ -666,10 +667,11 @@ rk_batch_t rk_create_batch(
                     glEnableVertexAttribArray(attrib);
                     glVertexAttribFormat(attrib, 4, GL_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, norm, offsetof(rk_mat3_int10, z));
                     glVertexAttribBinding(attrib++, binding);
-                    glVertexBindingDivisor(binding, 1);
-                    offset += max_size * param->size;
                     break;
             }
+            glVertexBindingDivisor(binding, 1);
+            param->source = new rk_ubyte[max_size * param->src_size];
+            offset += max_size * param->dst_size;
         }
     }
     glBindVertexArray(0);
@@ -771,95 +773,152 @@ RK_EXPORT void rk_draw_triangles(
     }
 }
 
-static unsigned rk_batch_filter(
+void rk_fill_batch(
-    rk_batch const & batch,
-    unsigned const size,
-    rk_instance_flags const * flags) {
-    rk_ushort * indices = batch.indices;
-    for (unsigned index = 0; index < size; ++index, ++flags) {
-        if ((*flags & RK_INSTANCE_FLAGS_SPAWNED_VISIBLE) == RK_INSTANCE_FLAGS_SPAWNED_VISIBLE) {
-            *indices++ = static_cast<rk_ushort>(index);
-        }
-    }
-    return indices - batch.indices;
-}
-
-static unsigned rk_batch_build_commands(
-    rk_batch const & batch,
-    unsigned const ninstances,
-    rk_mesh const * const meshes) {
-    rk_command * const last_command = batch.commands + batch.max_meshes;
-    rk_command * command = batch.commands;
-    rk_ushort * base = batch.indices;
-    rk_ushort * const last = batch.indices + ninstances;
-    for (rk_ushort * first = batch.indices; first < last && command < last_command; base = first, ++command) {
-        rk_mesh const & mesh = meshes[*first++];
-        for ( ; first < last && meshes[*first].packed == mesh.packed; ++first) {
-        }
-        for (rk_ushort * second = first; second < last; ++second) {
-            unsigned const index = *second;
-            if (meshes[index].packed == mesh.packed) {
-                *second = *first;
-                *first++ = static_cast<rk_ushort>(index);
-            }
-        }
-        command->nvertices = static_cast<GLuint>(mesh.ntriangles) * 3;
-        command->ninstances = first - base;
-        command->base_index = mesh.base_index;
-        command->base_vertex = 0;
-        command->base_instance = base - batch.indices;
-    }
-    return command - batch.commands;
-}
-
-static void rk_batch_pack(
-    rk_batch const & batch,
-    unsigned const ninstances,
-    rk_ubyte const ** srcs) {
-    rk_parameter const * const last_param = batch.params + batch.nparams;
-    for (rk_parameter const * param = batch.params; param < last_param; ++param) {
-        rk_ubyte const * const src = *srcs++;
-        if (src) {
-            rk_ubyte * const dst = reinterpret_cast<rk_ubyte *>(
-                glMapBufferRange(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, param->offset, ninstances * param->size,
-                    GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_INVALIDATE_RANGE_BIT | GL_MAP_UNSYNCHRONIZED_BIT));
-            if (dst) {
-                param->packer(ninstances, batch.indices, dst, src);
-                glUnmapBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void rk_draw_batch(
     rk_batch_t _batch,
     rk_uint count,
     rk_instance_flags const * flags,
     rk_mesh const * meshes,
-    rk_ubyte const ** params) {
+    rk_ubyte const * const * params) {
     rk_batch const * const batch = reinterpret_cast<rk_batch const *>(_batch);
-    if (!batch || !count || count > batch->max_size || !flags || !meshes) {
+    if (!batch || !count || count > batch->max_size) {
+        rk_printf("rk_fill_batch(): invalid params.");
         return;
     }
-    unsigned const ninstances = rk_batch_filter(*batch, count, flags);
+    bool const need_params = (batch->nparams > 0);
-    if (!ninstances) {
+    bool got_params = false;
+    bool all_params = false;
+    if (params != nullptr) {
+        all_params = true;
+        for (rk_ubyte const * const * param = params; param < params + batch->nparams; ++param) {
+            bool const got_param = (*param != nullptr);
+            got_params |= got_param;
+            all_params &= got_param;
+        }
+    }
+    bool const got_all = (flags && meshes && (!need_params || all_params));
+    if (count > batch->count && !got_all) {
+        rk_printf("rk_fill_batch(): cannot grow without all flags, meshes and params.");
+        return;
+    }
+    bool const need_sorting = (flags || meshes || count != batch->count);
+    batch->count = count;
+    if (flags) {
+        memcpy(batch->flags, flags, count * sizeof(rk_instance_flags));
+    }
+    if (meshes) {
+        memcpy(batch->meshes, meshes, count * sizeof(rk_mesh));
+    }
+    if (need_params && got_params) {
+        rk_ubyte const * const * src = params;
+        for (rk_parameter const * dst = batch->params; dst < batch->params + batch->nparams; ++dst, ++src) {
+            dst->dirty = (*src || need_sorting);
+            if (*src) {
+                memcpy(dst->source, *src, count * dst->src_size);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (need_sorting) {
+        batch->state = RK_BATCH_STATE_FILLED;
+    } else {
+        batch->state = RK_BATCH_STATE_SORTED;
+    }
+}
+
+static void rk_sort_batch(
+    rk_batch const & batch) {
+    rk_instance_flags const * flags = batch.flags;
+    rk_ushort * indices = batch.indices;
+    for (unsigned index = 0; index < batch.count; ++index, ++flags) {
+        if ((*flags & RK_INSTANCE_FLAGS_SPAWNED_VISIBLE) == RK_INSTANCE_FLAGS_SPAWNED_VISIBLE) {
+            *indices++ = index;
+        }
+    }
+    batch.ninstances = indices - batch.indices;
+    batch.ncommands = 0;
+    if (batch.ninstances) {
+        rk_command * const last_command = batch.commands + batch.max_meshes;
+        rk_command * command = batch.commands;
+        rk_ushort * base = batch.indices;
+        rk_ushort * const last = batch.indices + batch.ninstances;
+        for (rk_ushort * first = batch.indices; first < last && command < last_command; base = first, ++command) {
+            rk_mesh const & mesh = batch.meshes[*first++];
+            for ( ; first < last && batch.meshes[*first].packed == mesh.packed; ++first) {
+            }
+            for (rk_ushort * second = first; second < last; ++second) {
+                unsigned const index = *second;
+                if (batch.meshes[index].packed == mesh.packed) {
+                    *second = *first;
+                    *first++ = index;
+                }
+            }
+            command->nvertices = static_cast<GLuint>(mesh.ntriangles) * 3;
+            command->ninstances = first - base;
+            command->base_index = mesh.base_index;
+            command->base_vertex = 0;
+            command->base_instance = base - batch.indices;
+        }
+        batch.ncommands = command - batch.commands;
+    }
+    if (batch.nparams) {
+        batch.state = RK_BATCH_STATE_SORTED;
+    } else {
+        batch.state = RK_BATCH_STATE_PACKED;
+    }
+}
+
+static void rk_pack_batch(
+    rk_batch const & batch) {
+    for (rk_parameter const * param = batch.params; param < batch.params + batch.nparams; ++param) {
+        if (param->dirty) {
+            param->dirty = false;
+            if (batch.ninstances) {
+                rk_ubyte * const dst = reinterpret_cast<rk_ubyte *>(
+                    glMapBufferRange(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, param->offset, batch.ninstances * param->dst_size,
+                        GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_INVALIDATE_RANGE_BIT | GL_MAP_UNSYNCHRONIZED_BIT));
+                if (dst) {
+                    param->packer(batch.ninstances, batch.indices, dst, param->source);
+                    glUnmapBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    batch.state = RK_BATCH_STATE_PACKED;
+}
+
+void rk_draw_batch(
+    rk_batch_t _batch) {
+    rk_batch * const batch = reinterpret_cast<rk_batch *>(_batch);
+    if (!batch) {
+        rk_printf("rk_draw_batch(): invalid params.");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (batch->state < RK_BATCH_STATE_FILLED) {
+        rk_printf("rk_draw_batch(): invalid state.");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (batch->state < RK_BATCH_STATE_SORTED) {
+        rk_sort_batch(*batch);
+    }
+    if (!batch->ncommands) {
         return;
     }
     glBindVertexArray(batch->vertex_array);
-    unsigned const ncommands = rk_batch_build_commands(*batch, ninstances, meshes);
     if (rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect) {
         glBindBuffer(GL_DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER, batch->commands_buffer);
-        glBufferSubData(GL_DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER, 0, ncommands * sizeof(rk_command), batch->commands);
+        glBufferSubData(GL_DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER, 0, batch->ncommands * sizeof(rk_command), batch->commands);
     }
-    if (batch->nparams && params) {
+    if (batch->state < RK_BATCH_STATE_PACKED) {
         glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, batch->params_buffer);
-        rk_batch_pack(*batch, ninstances, params);
+        rk_pack_batch(*batch);
+        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
     }
+    rk_command const * const last_command = batch->commands + batch->ncommands;
     if (rk_DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance) {
         if (rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect) {
-            rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect(GL_TRIANGLES, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, nullptr, ncommands, sizeof(rk_command));
+            rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect(
+                GL_TRIANGLES, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, nullptr, batch->ncommands, sizeof(rk_command));
+            glBindBuffer(GL_DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER, 0);
         } else {
-            rk_command const * const last_command = batch->commands + ncommands;
             for (rk_command const * command = batch->commands; command < last_command; ++command) {
                 rk_DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance(
                     GL_TRIANGLES, command->nvertices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT,
@@ -869,12 +928,11 @@ void rk_draw_batch(
         }
     } else {
         unsigned param_index = 0;
-        rk_command const * const last_command = batch->commands + ncommands;
         rk_parameter const * const last_param = batch->params + batch->nparams;
         for (rk_command const * command = batch->commands; command < last_command; ++command) {
             for (rk_parameter const * param = batch->params; param < last_param; ++param) {
                 glBindVertexBuffer(param->binding, batch->params_buffer,
-                    param->offset + param_index * param->size, param->size);
+                    param->offset + param_index * param->dst_size, param->dst_size);
             }
             param_index += command->ninstances;
             glDrawElementsInstanced(
@@ -883,12 +941,6 @@ void rk_draw_batch(
                 command->ninstances);
         }
     }
-    if (rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect) {
-        glBindBuffer(GL_DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER, 0);
-    }
-    if (batch->nparams && params) {
-        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
-    }
     glBindVertexArray(0);
 }
 
@@ -917,10 +969,15 @@ void rk_destroy_batch(
     if (batch) {
         delete[] batch->indices;
         delete[] batch->commands;
+        delete[] batch->flags;
+        delete[] batch->meshes;
         if (rk_MultiDrawElementsIndirect) {
             glDeleteBuffers(1, &batch->commands_buffer);
         }
         if (batch->nparams) {
+            for (rk_parameter * param = batch->params; param < batch->params + batch->nparams; ++param) {
+                delete[] param->source;
+            }
             delete[] batch->params;
             glDeleteBuffers(1, &batch->params_buffer);
         }

cpp/render/render_opengles.hpp

@@ -89,16 +89,32 @@ typedef void (*rk_packer)(
     rk_ubyte const * const); // src
 
 struct rk_parameter {
+    mutable bool dirty;
     unsigned binding;
     unsigned offset;
-    unsigned size;
+    unsigned src_size;
+    unsigned dst_size;
+    rk_ubyte * source;
     rk_packer packer;
 };
 
+enum rk_batch_state {
+    RK_BATCH_STATE_EMPTY = 0,
+    RK_BATCH_STATE_FILLED = 1,
+    RK_BATCH_STATE_SORTED = 2,
+    RK_BATCH_STATE_PACKED = 3
+};
+
 struct rk_batch {
+    mutable rk_batch_state state;
+    mutable unsigned count;
+    mutable unsigned ninstances;
+    mutable unsigned ncommands;
     unsigned max_size;
     unsigned max_meshes;
     unsigned nparams;
+    rk_instance_flags * flags;
+    rk_mesh * meshes;
     rk_ushort * indices;
     rk_command * commands;
     rk_parameter * params;

cpp/types.hpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ typedef int32_t rk_int;
 typedef uint32_t rk_uint;
 typedef int64_t rk_long;
 typedef uint64_t rk_ulong;
-
+typedef float rk_float;
 typedef void * rk_handle_t;
 
 #define RK_INVALID_HANDLE nullptr